ArticleUltrasound (Leeds, England)2016
Sonographic imaging of extra-testicular focal lesions: comparison of grey-scale, colour Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
Article in Ultrasound (Leeds, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The role of the radiologist in the evaluation of male infertility: recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology-Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR-SPIWG) for scrotal imaging.European radiology · 2025Guideline
- The Diagnostic Value of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in the Differential Diagnosis of Azoospermia: Introducing a Concept.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A review of multiparametric ultrasound imaging in the clinical setting: scrotal contents.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2025Review
- Multiparametric Ultrasound for Focal Testicular Pathology: A Ten-Year Retrospective Review.Cancers · 2024Article
- Multiparametric Ultrasound for Diagnosing Testicular Lesions: Everything You Need to Know in Daily Clinical Practice.Cancers · 2023Review
- Paratesticular leiomyosarcoma with metastasis to the extremities and lungs.Radiology case reports · 2023Article
- Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the small organs in children.Pediatric radiology · 2021Review
- Review
- The role of multiparametric ultrasound in the diagnosis of paediatric scrotal pathology.The British journal of radiology · 2020Review
- Multiparametric ultrasound findings in a patient with polyorchidism.Ultrasound (Leeds, England) · 2017Article
- Multiparametric ultrasound for the assessment of testicular lesions with negative tumoral markers.Asian journal of andrologyArticle
- Tumor-like appearance of Spermatic Granuloma.International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of UrologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extra-testicular lesions are usually benign but present with nonspecific grey-scale sonography findings. This study assesses conventional sonographic characteristics in the differentiation of extra-testicular tumoural from inflammatory lesions and whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound has a role. A retrospective database analysis was performed. All patients were examined by experienced sonographers employing standard techniques combining grey-scale, colour Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Features recorded were: clinical symptoms, size, location, echogenicity, colour Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound enhancement. Vascularity on colour Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound was graded and compared. The lesions were classified as tumoural or inflammatory. The Chi-square test was used to analyse the sonographic patterns and kappa coefficient to measure the agreement between colour Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. A total of 30 lesions were reviewed (median diameter 12 mm, range 5-80 mm, median age 52 years, range 18-86 years), including 13/30 tumoural and 17/30 inflammatory lesions. Lesions were hypoechoic (n = 12), isoechoic (n = 6), hyperechoic (n = 2) or mixed (n = 10). Grey-scale characteristics of tumoural vs. inflammatory lesions differed significantly (P = 0.026). On colour Doppler sonography, lesions had no vessels (n = 16), 2-3 vessels (n = 10) and ≥4 vessels (n = 4). On contrast-enhanced ultrasound, lesions showed no vascularity (n = 17), perfusion similar to testis (n = 7) and higher (n = 6). All abscesses identified (n = 9) showed no vascularity on both colour Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. There was good agreement between these techniques in evaluating vascularity (κ = 0.719) and no significant difference between colour Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound of tumoural vs. inflammatory lesions (P > 0.05). The grey-scale appearances of extra-testicular lesions are essential for characterisation. Colour Doppler sonography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings are not useful in that respect. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is excellent in establishing absence of vascularity.
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