Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27431673›Full record

SynthesisBMC geriatrics2016

Influence of combined physical and cognitive training on cognition: a systematic review.

Andreas Lauenroth, Anestis E Ioannidis, Birgit Teichmann

5 registry-linked trialsAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC geriatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 157 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
157citing papers in PubMed, 19 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04467216 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Virtual Reality Motor-cognitive Training for Older People With Cognitive Frailty: A Pilot Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityRan2020 to 2020Enrolled17ConditionsCognitive FrailtyArmsComputerised cognitive training using virtual reality
NCT04730817 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Virtual Reality Motor-cognitive Training for Older People With Cognitive Frailty: The Implementation of the Prototype

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityRan2021 to 2022Enrolled400ConditionsCognitive Frailty, Physical FunctionArmsVirtual Reality Motor-Cognitive Training System
NCT04788238 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Dual-Task Zumba Gold for Improving the Cognition of Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityRan2021 to 2022Enrolled60ConditionsMild Cognitive ImpairmentArmsDual-Task Zumba Gold
NCT05751551 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Personalized, Home-based Motor-cognitive Training Program in Community-dwelling Older Adults - a Pragmatic Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorSwiss Federal Institute of TechnologyRan2023 to 2024Enrolled144ConditionsAged, Independent LivingArmsPersonalized, home-based motor-cognitive training
NCT06598163 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy of a Digital Health App Five Lives MED to Improve Cognitive Function in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Randomised Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorSharpTxRan2025 to 2026Enrolled170ConditionsMild Cognitive ImpairmentArmsFive Lives MED
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

157 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Andreas LauenrothNetwork Aging Research (NAR), University of Heidelberg, Germany, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany. lauenroth@nar.uni-heidelberg.de.
Anestis E IoannidisNetwork Aging Research (NAR), University of Heidelberg, Germany, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
Birgit TeichmannNetwork Aging Research (NAR), University of Heidelberg, Germany, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNumerous daily activities require simultaneous application of motor and cognitive skills (dual-tasking). The execution of such tasks is especially difficult for the elderly and for people with (neuro-) degenerative disorders. Training of physical and cognitive abilities helps prevent or slow down the age-related decline of cognition. The aim of this review is to summarise and assess the role of combined physical-and-cognitive-training characteristics in improving cognitive performance and to propose an effective training scheme within the frame of a suitable experimental design.

methodsA systematic electronic literature search was conducted in selected databases. The following criteria were compulsory for inclusion in the study: 1. A (Randomized) Controlled Trial (RCT or CT) design; 2. Implementation of combined physical and cognitive training, either simultaneously (dual task) or subsequently - at least one hour per weekly over four weeks or more; 3. Cognitive outcomes as a study's endpoint.

resultsTwenty articles met the inclusion criteria. It appears that either simultaneous or subsequently combined physical and cognitive training is more successful compared to single physical or single cognitive exercise. Training characteristics like length, frequency, duration, intensity and level of task difficulty seem to determine cognitive performance. However, the articles show that cognitive improvement seems to remain somewhat confined to trained cognitive functions rather than generalising to other cognitive or daily-living skills.

conclusionDue to methodological heterogeneity among studies, results need to be treated with caution. We critically discuss the role of training characteristics and propose a potentially effective training intervention within an appropriate experimental design.

Indexed as

Cognition DisordersAgedCognitionExerciseHumansTask Performance and AnalysisAgingCognitive performanceCombined exerciseDual taskMotor-cognitive training

Identifiers

PMID27431673
PMCPMC4950255

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.