ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2016
Types of social support and parental acceptance among transfemale youth and their impact on mental health, sexual debut, history of sex work and condomless anal intercourse.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk and Resilience Factors for Mental Health among Transgender and Gender Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of social stress and mental health among transgender and gender non-conforming people in the United States.Clinical psychology review · 2018Pooled it
- Maternal Support Is Protective Against Suicidal Ideation Among a Diverse Cohort of Young Transgender Women.LGBT health · 2020Trial
- The effects of psychological functioning on substance use and treatment outcomes among people with HIV.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovers abnormal Sertoli-cell elevation and testicular niche impairment in the transfemales's testis.Cell & bioscience · 2025Article
- Parental Identity and Lived Experiences when Parenting a LGBTQIA+2 Child: A Critical Narrative Synthesis of Current Evidence.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2024Review
- Parental Gender Affirmation Model: A culturally informed framework.SSM. Mental health · 2024Article
- Mental Health and Gender Affirmation of Black and Latine Transgender/Nonbinary Youth Compared to White Peers Prior to Hormone Initiation.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Observational
- HIV Prevalence and High-Risk Subgroup Identification in Transgender Women Who Undergo Primary Vaginoplasty in the Netherlands.Transgender health · 2023Article
- Trans Women's Responses to Sexual Violence: Vigilance, Resilience, and Need for Support.Archives of sexual behavior · 2021Article
- A Scoping Review Examining Social and Legal Gender Affirmation and Health Among Transgender Populations.Transgender health · 2021Article
- HIV prevention and HIV care among transgender and gender diverse youth: design and implementation of a multisite mixed-methods study protocol in the U.S.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Parent Participation in a Support Group for Families with Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Children: "Being in the Company of Others Who Do Not Question the Reality of Our Experience".Transgender health · 2019Article
- Transgender medicine - puberty suppression.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2018Review
- Gender dysphoria in adolescence: current perspectives.Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics · 2018Review
- Young Transgender Women's Attitudes Toward HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2017Article
- Perceived Parental Attitudes of Gender Expansiveness: Development and Preliminary Factor Structure of a Self-Report Youth Questionnaire.Transgender health · 2017Article
- Evidence for action: a call for the global HIV response to address the needs of transgender populations.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTransfemale youth (TFY) are an underserved and understudied population at risk for numerous poor physical and mental health outcomes, most notably HIV. Research suggests that parental acceptance and social support may serve as protective factors against HIV and other risks for TFY; however, it is unclear whether TFY receive primary social support from parents with or without parental acceptance of their gender identity. This study examines differences in parental acceptance, mental health and the HIV risk factors of history of sex work, age at sexual debut and engagement in condomless anal intercourse between TFY with two types of primary social support - non-parental primary social support (NPPSS) and parental primary social support (PPSS).
methodsCross-sectional data collected from 301 TFY from 2012 to 2014 in the San Francisco Bay Area were analyzed to determine differences in parental acceptance, mental health and HIV risk factors between youth with and without PPSS. Univariate statistics and chi-squared tests were conducted to determine if parental acceptance and health outcomes were correlated with type of social support.
resultsTwo-hundred fifty-one participants (83.7%) reported having NPPSS, and 49 (16.3%) reported PPSS. Significantly more youth with PPSS reported affirmative responses on parental acceptance items than their NPPSS counterparts. For example, 87.8% of youth with PPSS reported that their parents believed they could have a happy future as a trans adult, compared with 51.6% of youth with NPPSS (p<0.001). Fewer participants with PPSS reported symptoms of psychological distress (2.0% vs. 12.5%, p=0.057), though this finding was not statistically significant; no significant associations were found between primary social support type and HIV risk factors.
conclusionsThese results suggest that TFY with parental acceptance of their gender identity may be more likely to reach out to their parents as their primary source of social support. Interventions focused on parental acceptance of their child's gender identity may have the most promise for creating parental social support systems in the lives of TFY.
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