ReviewAnnual review of nutrition2016
The Macronutrients, Appetite, and Energy Intake.
Review in Annual review of nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endogenous Ghrelin Levels and Perception of Hunger: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of the biological mediators of fat taste and smell.Physiological reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Low-carbohydrate versus balanced-carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Postprandial Metabolomic Profiling: Insights into Macronutrient-Specific Metabolic Responses in Healthy Individuals.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Glucoregulatory and Cardiometabolic Profiles of Almond vs. Cracker Snacking for 8 Weeks in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Article
- From Inclusion Complexes to Metabolic Signaling: The Emerging Role of γ-Cyclodextrin in Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Regulation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nutritional Changes and Contributing Factors in Iran: A Comprehensive Study From PERSIAN Cohort Study (2015-2017 and 2021-2023).Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Review
- Dietary energy levels regulate feed intake of broilers through the brain-gut axis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Scoping review of micronutrient imbalances, clinical manifestations, and interventions.World journal of methodology · 2025Review
- Hidden Hunger in Pediatric Obesity: Redefining Malnutrition Through Macronutrient Quality and Micronutrient Deficiency.Nutrients · 2025Review
- DNA Content and DNA Damage in Raw and Heat-Processed Foods.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- The mixed-meal tolerance test as an appetite assay: methodological and practical considerations.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Review
- Elucidating the Nutritional Profile and Biochemical Characterization of High-Energy Nutritional Bar Formulated with Sukkari Date Paste and Mixed Nuts.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Dietary Modulation of Metabolic Health: From Bioactive Compounds to Personalized Nutrition.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Vascular Disease: Pathogenesis, Complications, and Evolving Treatments.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Protein-responsive gut hormone tachykinin directs food choice and impacts lifespan.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- Chronic chlorothalonil exposure inhibits locomotion and interferes with the gut-liver axis in Pelophylax nigromaculatus tadpoles.Scientific reports · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Each of the macronutrients-carbohydrate, protein, and fat-has a unique set of properties that influences health, but all are a source of energy. The optimal balance of their contribution to the diet has been a long-standing matter of debate. Over the past half century, thinking has progressed regarding the mechanisms by which each macronutrient may contribute to energy balance. At the beginning of this period, metabolic signals that initiated eating events (i.e., determined eating frequency) were emphasized. This was followed by an orientation to gut endocrine signals that purportedly modulate the size of eating events (i.e., determined portion size). Most recently, research attention has been directed to the brain, where the reward signals elicited by the macronutrients are viewed as potentially problematic (e.g., contribute to disordered eating). At this point, the predictive power of the macronutrients for energy intake remains limited.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.