ArticleAnnals of translational medicine2016
Proton pump inhibitors and risk of dementia.
Article in Annals of translational medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Proton pump inhibitors use and dementia risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitors therapy and risk of Clostridium difficile infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Pooled it
- Inconsistency in the Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Dementia Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Causal relationship between proton pump inhibitors and dementia risk: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cognitive Health: Review on Unraveling the Dementia Connection and Co-morbid Risks.Current Alzheimer research · 2024Review
- Proton pump inhibitor-induced gut dysbiosis and immunomodulation: current knowledge and potential restoration by probiotics.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2023Review
- Suppression of vacuolar-type ATPase and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress by proton pump inhibitors.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2022Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: History, Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Directions.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2022Review
- Gastroparesis in Parkinson Disease: Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Association between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Hearing Impairment: A Nested Case-Control Study.Current issues in molecular biology · 2021Article
- The Janus-like Association between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Dementia.Current Alzheimer research · 2021Article
- Clinical Use of Acid Suppressants and Risk of Dementia in the Elderly: A Pharmaco-Epidemiological Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Drug interactions with dementia-related pathophysiological pathways worsen or prevent dementia.British journal of pharmacology · 2019Review
- Using a Triple Aim Approach to Implement "Less-is-More Together" and Smarter Medicine Strategies in an Interprofessional Outpatient Setting: Protocol for an Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2019Article
- Proton pump inhibitors and adverse effects in kidney transplant recipients: A meta-analysis.World journal of transplantation · 2019Article
- Association between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and CNS Infection Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2018Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Dementia: Is There a Link?Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed medications. Recent studies have raised a concern over increased risk of dementia among PPIs users but the results of those studies were inconsistent. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize all available data.
methodsA literature search was performed in MEDLINE and EMBASE database from inception to April 2016. Observational studies that reported risk of dementia among PPIs users compared with non-users were included. Point estimates were extracted from individual studies and pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method.
resultsFour studies were included in the analysis. Pooled RR of dementia among PPIs users compared with non-users was 1.08 (95% CI, 0.82-1.43). Sensitivity analysis including only cohort studies demonstrated a higher risk with pooled RR of 1.44 (95% CI, 1.36-1.52).
conclusionsOur study demonstrated an increased risk of dementia among PPIs users. Whether this association is causal requires further investigations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.