ArticleCancer letters2016
GSK-3 inhibition overcomes chemoresistance in human breast cancer.
Article in Cancer letters, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 1/2 Study of 9-ING-41, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta (GSK-3β) Inhibitor, as a Single Agent and Combined With Chemotherapy, in Patients With Refractory Hematologic Malignancies or Solid Tumors
Phase 2 Study of 9-ING-41, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK 3β) Inhibitor, as a Single Agent or Combined With Ruxolitinib, in Patients With Myelofibrosis
Phase 1 Study of 9-ING-41, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK 3β) Inhibitor, as a Single Agent or With Irinotecan, Irinotecan Plus Temozolomide, or With Cyclophosphamide Plus Topotecan in Pediatric Patients With Refractory Malignancies.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elraglusib, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Inhibitor, plus Chemotherapy with or without Immunotherapy in Patients with Recurrent, Metastatic Salivary Gland Carcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Glucocorticoid-Induced Proteome and Phosphoproteome Changes in Breast Cancer Cell Lines.Journal of proteome research · 2026Article
- Contribution of Mesenchymal-like and Epithelial Cellular Subsets to Chemotherapy Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The cross-talk between GSK-3β, RKIP, and PTEN as potential targets for therapeutic implications in cancer: a comprehensive insight.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026Review
- Article
- GSK3β guides chromosomal repair pathway selection to support BRCA1-independent PARP inhibitor sensitivity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Claspin and Cancer: Where Are We Now?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Inhibition of GSK3β is synthetic lethal with FHIT loss in lung cancer by blocking homologous recombination repair.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of a New Series of Maleimide Derivatives.ChemistryOpen · 2024Article
- Elraglusib Induces Cytotoxicity via Direct Microtubule Destabilization Independently of GSK3 Inhibition.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway: proteins' roles in osteoporosis and cancer diseases and the regulatory effects of natural compounds on osteoporosis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Review
- β-Sitosterol alleviates the malignant phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inhibiting GSK3B expression.Human cell · 2024Article
- The many faceted role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in T cells and cancer immunotherapy.Journal of cancer biology · 2024Article
- Exosome-transmitted circCABIN1 promotes temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via sustaining ErbB downstream signaling.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- Cancer resistance via the downregulation of the tumor suppressorsExploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2023Review
- TGFβ Governs the Pleiotropic Activity of NDRG1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression.International journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
- Elraglusib (9-ING-41), a selective small-molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, reduces expression of immune checkpoint molecules PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 and enhances CD8Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Article
- Review
- Nobiletin Induces Ferroptosis in Human Skin Melanoma Cells Through the GSK3β-Mediated Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signalling Pathway.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is an emerging therapeutic target in the treatment of human breast cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that the pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3 by two novel small molecule GSK-3 inhibitors, 9-ING-41 and 9-ING-87, reduced the viability of breast cancer cells but had little effect on non-tumorigenic cell growth. Moreover, treatment with 9-ING-41 enhanced the antitumor effect of irinotecan (CPT-11) against breast cancer cells in vitro. We next established two patient-derived xenograft tumor models (BC-1 and BC-2) from metastatic pleural effusions obtained from patients with progressive, chemorefractory breast cancer and demonstrated that 9-ING-41 also potentiated the effect of the chemotherapeutic drug CPT-11 in vivo, leading to regression of established BC-1 and BC-2 tumors in mice. Our results suggest that the inhibition of GSK-3 is a promising therapeutic approach to overcome chemoresistance in human breast cancer, and identify the GSK-3 inhibitor 9-ING-41 as a candidate targeted agent for metastatic breast cancer therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.