ArticleAuto- immunity highlights2016
The ANA-reflex test as a model for improving clinical appropriateness in autoimmune diagnostics.
Article in Auto- immunity highlights, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Real-World Evaluation of ANA Testing Pathways: Serological Incompleteness and Comparison of Stepwise Versus Upfront Parallel Reflex Strategies.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- From the Masterclasses in Dermatology 2025 Meeting: Practical Approaches to Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus for Dermatologists.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2025Review
- Autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis: From disease bystanders to pathogenic players.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- Clinical Significance of Uncommon, Non-Clinical, and Novel Autoantibodies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2024Review
- Assessment of antinuclear antibodies (ANA): National recommendations on behalf of the Croatian society of medical biochemistry and laboratory medicine.Biochemia medica · 2021Review
- Habitual Hyperthermia: An Interpretive Paradigm of the 20th Century? Not Really.International journal of general medicine · 2021Review
- Urinary Metals Concentrations and Biomarkers of Autoimmunity among Navajo and Nicaraguan Men.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- E-consults: an effective way to decrease clinic wait times in rheumatology.BMC rheumatology · 2020Article
- Autoantibody Profiles in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2019Article
- Personalized medicine in rheumatology: the paradigm of serum autoantibodies.Auto- immunity highlights · 2017Review
- Chemiluminescent immunoassay technology: what does it change in autoantibody detection?Auto- immunity highlights · 2017Article
- Challenges in the Standardization of Autoantibody Testing: a Comprehensive Review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reflex tests are widely used in clinical laboratories, for example, to diagnose thyroid disorders or in the follow-up of prostate cancer. Reflex tests for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) have recently gained attention as a way to improve appropriateness in the immunological diagnosis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases and avoid waste of resources. However, the ANA-reflex test is not as simple as other consolidated reflex tests (the TSH-reflex tests or the PSA-reflex tests) because of the intrinsic complexity of the ANA test performed by the indirect immunofluorescence method on cellular substrates. The wide heterogeneity of the ANA patterns, which need correct interpretation, and the subsequent choice of the most appropriate confirmatory test (ANA subserology), which depend on the pattern feature and on clinical information, hinder any informatics automation, and require the pathologist's intervention. In this review, the Study Group on Autoimmune Diseases of the Italian Society of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine provides some indications on the configuration of the ANA-reflex test, using two different approaches depending on whether clinical information is available or not. We further give some suggestions on how to report results of the ANA-reflex test.
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