SynthesisSocial science & medicine (1982)2016
The impact of strengthening cigarette pack warnings: Systematic review of longitudinal observational studies.
Synthesis in Social science & medicine (1982), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 216 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
216 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of health warning labels on selection and consumption of food and alcohol products: systematic review with meta-analysis.Health psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- A qualitative examination of affect and ideology within mass media interventions to increase HIV testing with gay men garnered from a systematic review.British journal of health psychology · 2021Pooled it
- Sugary drink warnings: A meta-analysis of experimental studies.PLoS medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Health Communication for Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products.Health communication · 2019Pooled it
- A visual affective analysis of mass media interventions to increase antimicrobial stewardship amongst the public.British journal of health psychology · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review of the perceptions of adolescents on graphic health warnings and plain packaging of cigarettes.Systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Measures Used in Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warning Experiments.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Pooled it
- Designing Social Media Health Warnings for Teenagers and Young Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA health forum · 2026Trial
- Perceived Effectiveness of Cigar Warnings Among Young People in the U.S.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Trial
- Effect of graphic warning label on acute changes in waterpipe tobacco smoking behavior, biomarkers of exposure and harm, and subjective effects in a randomized trial.Addictive behaviors · 2026Trial
- Little Cigar and Cigarillo Graphic Health Warnings and Quitting Behaviors: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Impact of Delta-8-THC warning labels on perceived intoxication, harm, and susceptibility among adolescents.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Trial
- Developing and testing health warnings about alcohol and risk for breast cancer: Results from a national experiment with young adult women in the United States.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Differential Responses to Cigarette Package Labeling Alternatives Among Adults Who Smoke: Results From a Randomized Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- The Development and Testing of a Point-of-Sale E-Cigarette Health Communication Campaign.Health communication · 2024Trial
- Combining Inserts With Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs to Promote Smoking Cessation: A 2-Week Randomized Trial.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2024Trial
- A mixed-method study of perceptions of cigarette pack inserts among adult smokers from New York and South Carolina exposed as part of a randomized controlled trial.Health education research · 2023Trial
- Evaluating US smokers' willingness to pay for different cigarette packaging designs before and after real-world exposure in a randomised trial.Tobacco control · 2023Trial
- Effects of pictorial warning labels depicting lesser-known and well-known risks of smoking on viewing patterns, recall, and knowledge of smoking harms.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
156 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesCigarette pack warnings are a tobacco control strategy used globally. To understand their impact, we systematically reviewed longitudinal observational studies examining national implementation of strengthened warnings.
methodsWe used comprehensive search procedures to identify observational studies examining the impact of strengthening cigarette pack warnings. We report longitudinal changes in knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behavior.
resultsWe identified 32 studies conducted in 20 countries with 812,363 participants. Studies commonly examined changes from text to pictorial warnings (64%); the remainder examined strengthened text or strengthened pictorial warnings. Knowledge increased in all 12 studies that assessed it. Studies of beliefs/attitudes and intentions showed mixed results. Quitline calls increased in four of six studies, while foregoing of cigarettes did not increase. Cigarette consumption decreased in three of eight studies; quit attempts increased in four of seven studies; and short-term cessation increased in two of three studies. Smoking prevalence decreased in six of nine studies.
conclusionsStrengthening warnings was associated with longitudinal increases in knowledge, quitline calls and reductions in smoking behavior. Strengthening warning policies should be a priority for tobacco control globally.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.