ArticleJournal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS2016
Anesthetic Activity of Alfaxalone Compared with Ketamine in Mice.
Article in Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurodevelopmental Impacts of Ketamine and Alfaxalone Anesthesia Evaluated with Mouse MRI.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Electroacupuncture combined with subanesthetic alfaxalone as a novel target for alleviating neuropathic pain.Pain reports · 2025Article
- Effect of Mouse (Mus musculus) Sex and C57BL/6 Substrain on Sensitivity to Isoflurane and Ketamine-Xylazine-Acepromazine Anesthesia.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Comparative electrophysiological study of neuroactive steroid-induced hypnosis in mice: sex and drug-specific differences.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Sedation Efficacy of Midazolam in Conjunction with Ketamine and Alfaxalone in Female Laboratory Guinea Pigs (Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2024Article
- Possible association of G6PC2 and MUC6 induced by low‑dose‑rate irradiation in mouse intestine with inflammatory bowel disease.Molecular medicine reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluation of general anesthesia protocols for a highly controlled cardiac ischemia-reperfusion model in mice.PloS one · 2024Article
- Effects of alfaxalone on induction quality of inhalation anesthesia in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica).The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2023Article
- Sex-specific hypnotic effects of the neuroactive steroid (3β,5β,17β)-3-hydroxyandrostane-17-carbonitrile are mediated by peripheral metabolism into an active hypnotic steroid.British journal of anaesthesia · 2023Article
- Anesthesia, pain management and surgical approach of ovariectomy or orchiectomy in six Egyptian fruit bats (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Comparison of Alfaxalone-Midazolam, Tiletamine-Zolazepam, and KetamineAcepromazine Anesthesia during Plethysmography in Cynomolgus Macaques (Comparative medicine · 2022Article
- Mouse Anesthesia: The Art and Science.ILAR journal · 2021Review
- Sensitivity to tumor development by TALEN-mediated Trp53 mutant genes in the susceptible FVB/N mice and the resistance C57BL/6 mice.Laboratory animal research · 2021Article
- Intraperitoneal Alfaxalone and Alfaxalone-Dexmedetomidine Anesthesia in Sprague-Dawley Rats (Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2020Article
- Anesthetic Effects of Intramuscular Alfaxalone-Ketamine in Naked Mole Rats (Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2020Article
- A Comparison of Ketamine or Etomidate Combined with Xylazine for Intraperitoneal Anesthesia in Four Mouse Strains.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2020Article
- A Comparative Study of Intramuscular Alfaxalone- or Ketamine-Based Anesthetic Mixtures in Gray Squirrels Undergoing Gonadectomy: Clinical and Physiologic Findings.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Continuous Rate Infusion of Alfaxalone during Ketamine-Xylazine Anesthesia in Rats.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2020Article
- Influence of three BALB/c substrain backgrounds on the skin tumor induction efficacy to DMBA and TPA cotreatment.Laboratory animal research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alfaxalone encased in hydroxypropyl-β -cyclodextrin is a neuroactive steroid compound that has recently been approved in the United States for use as an anesthetic in dogs and cats. We evaluated the use of alfaxalone compared with ketamine, both alone and in combination with xylazine, for anesthesia of C57BL/6 mice. We assessed time to onset of anesthesia, duration of action, reflex responses, respiratory rate, and clinical signs. Alfaxalone (80 mg/kg IP) induced a light surgical plane of anesthesia in all mice, with a time to onset of 2.2 ± 0.2 min and duration of 57.1 ± 3.8 min, whereas ketamine (80 mg/kg IP) provided only sedative effects (time to onset, 5.4 ± 0.4 min; duration, 6.9 ± 0.8 min). Clinically, alfaxalone caused a spectrum of activities, including popcorn-like jumping movements after injection, intense scratching of the face, hyperresponsiveness to noise or touch, and marked limb jerking during recovery. Adding xylazine to the single-agent protocols achieved deep surgical anesthesia (duration: alfaxalone + xylazine, 80.3 ± 17.8 min; ketamine + xylazine, 37.4 ± 8.2 min) and ameliorated the adverse clinical signs. Our preliminary analysis suggests that, because of its side effects, alfaxalone alone is not a viable anesthetic option for mice. Although alfaxalone combined with xylazine appeared to be a more viable option, some mice still experienced mild adverse reactions, and the long duration of action might be problematic regarding the maintenance of body temperature and monitoring of recovery. Further studies evaluating different routes of administration and drug combinations are warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
27423149PMC4943613W2503316076What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.