Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27423097›Full record

ArticleAddictive behaviors2016

Electronic-cigarette use by individuals in treatment for substance abuse: A survey of 24 treatment centers in the United States.

Noah R Gubner, K Blakely Andrews, Ana Mohammad-Zadeh, Nadra E Lisha, Joseph Guydish

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Addictive behaviors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. E-Cigarettes are More Addictive than Traditional Cigarettes-A Study in Highly Educated Young People.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
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  17. A Comparison of Daily Versus Weekly Electronic Cigarette Users in Treatment for Substance Abuse.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018
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  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Noah R GubnerCenter for Tobacco Control Research & Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States. Electronic address: noah.gubner@ucsf.edu.
K Blakely AndrewsPhilip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Ana Mohammad-ZadehPhilip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Nadra E LishaCenter for Tobacco Control Research & Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Joseph GuydishPhilip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Funding

Postdoctoral training in tobacco controlR25CA113710 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GLANTZ, STANTON ARNOLD · 2006 to 2015
$5.4M
Marketing, FDA communication, tobacco perceptions and use in addiction treatmentR01DA036066 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GUYDISH, JOSEPH R · 2013 to 2016
$3.0M
Postdoctoral training in tobacco controlT32CA113710 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LING, PAMELA MAY · 2016 to 2020
$2.6M
NCI NIH HHS R25 CA113710NCI NIH HHS T32 CA113710NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA036066
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prevalence and reasons for using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) was examined among patients enrolled in 24 substance abuse treatment centers in the United States (N=1113). Prevalence of e-cigarette use was assessed for the full sample. Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify characteristics associated with e-cigarette use among current cigarette smokers (the majority of e-cigarette users). Overall 55.5% of the sample reported lifetime use of e-cigarettes, and 30.5% reported using e-cigarettes in the past 30days (current users). The main reasons for using e-cigarettes were (a) at times/places when smoking was prohibited (53.5%), and (b) as a way to quit/reduce cigarette smoking (50.3%). Daily vs non-daily e-cigarette users were more likely to use e-cigarettes both as a way to reduce health risks, and as a way to quit/reduce cigarette smoking. A majority of e-cigarette users (87.1%) reported dual use of e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes during the past month. Among current cigarette smokers, those that also used e-cigarettes smoked more cigarettes per day, were more likely to have made a past year cigarette quit attempt, and to have tried nicotine replacement therapy compared to cigarette only smokers. There was a high rate of dual e-cigarette and cigarette use by persons enrolled in addiction treatment. E-cigarette users may be heavier cigarette smokers trying to quit or reduce their cigarette smoking. However, e-cigarettes were also used at times when individuals could not smoke cigarettes. Substance abuse treatment centers developing tobacco policies need to consider these potentially conflicting reasons for using e-cigarettes.

Indexed as

Substance Abuse Treatment CentersAdultElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsFemaleHumansMaleSubstance-Related DisordersUnited StatesAddictionAlcoholDependenceDrugE-cigE-cigaretteSmokingTobacco

Identifiers

PMID27423097
PMCPMC4993629

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.