Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27422609›Full record

ReviewJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2016

Macrophage-based cell therapies: The long and winding road.

Simon Lee, Saul Kivimäe, Aaron Dolor, Francis C Szoka

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

100 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Transport of Adoptive Cell Transfers With Magnetic Helical Microrobots.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. CD38Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Simon LeeThe UC-Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, USA.
Saul KivimäeDepartment of Bioengineering, Therapeutic Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
Aaron DolorDepartment of Bioengineering, Therapeutic Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
Francis C SzokaThe UC-Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Therapeutic Sciences and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA. Electronic address: szoka@cgl.ucsf.edu.
University of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of California, Berkeley · US

Funding

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND PHARMACOGENOMICST32GM007175 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI AHITUV, NADAV, KROETZ, DEANNA L · 1985 to 2021
$7.1M
Syngeneic Macrophages for Personalized Cancer TherapyR21CA182703 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI SZOKA, FRANCIS C. · 2014 to 2015
$373k
NCI NIH HHS R21 CA182703NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007175
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the quest for better medicines, attention is increasingly turning to cell-based therapies. The rationale is that infused cells can provide a targeted therapy to precisely correct a complex disease phenotype. Between 1987 and 2010, autologous macrophages (MΦs) were used in clinical trials to treat a variety of human tumors; this approach provided a modest therapeutic benefit in some patients but no lasting remissions. These trials were initiated prior to an understanding of: the complexity of MΦ phenotypes, their ability to alter their phenotype in response to various cytokines and/or the environment, and the extent of survival of the re-infused MΦs. It is now known that while inflammatory MΦs can kill tumor cells, the tumor environment is able to reprogram MΦs into a tumorigenic phenotype; inducing blood vessel formation and contributing to a cancer cell growth-promoting milieu. We review how new information enables the development of large numbers of ex vivo generated MΦs, and how conditioning and gene engineering strategies are used to restrict the MΦ to an appropriate phenotype or to enable production of therapeutic proteins. We survey applications in which the MΦ is loaded with nanomedicines, such as liposomes ex vivo, so when the drug-loaded MΦs are infused into an animal, the drug is released at the disease site. Finally, we also review the current status of MΦ biodistribution and survival after transplantation into an animal. The combination of these recent advances opens the way for improved MΦ cell therapies.

Indexed as

Cell EngineeringAnimalsCell PolarityCell TransplantationClinical Trials as TopicDisease Models, AnimalHumansMacrophagesNeoplasmsCell polarizationCell therapyDrug deliveryGene editingMacrophages

Identifiers

PMID27422609
PMCPMC5064880
OpenAlexW2473550768

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.