ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2016
Acute nicotine enhances spontaneous recovery of contextual fear and changes c-fos early gene expression in infralimbic cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular pathways of ketamine: A systematic review of immediate and sustained effects on PTSD.Psychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Dorsolateral striatal acetylcholine reorganizes neural ensembles to anticipate threat.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Hyperconnectivity of two separate long-range cholinergic systems contributes to the reorganization of the brain functional connectivity during nicotine withdrawal in male mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Update on neurobiological mechanisms of fear: illuminating the direction of mechanism exploration and treatment development of trauma and fear-related disorders.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Hippocampal knockdown of α2 nicotinic or M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in C57BL/6J male mice impairs cued fear conditioning.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2020Article
- Nicotine Gateway Effects on Adolescent Substance Use.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2019Review
- Common neurocircuitry mediating drug and fear relapse in preclinical models.Psychopharmacology · 2019Review
- Nicotine modulates contextual fear extinction through changes in ventral hippocampal GABAergic function.Neuropharmacology · 2018Article
- Chronic nicotine exposure in preadolescence enhances later spontaneous recovery of fear memory.Behavioral neuroscience · 2018Article
- Nicotine exposure leads to deficits in differential cued fear conditioning in mice and humans: A potential role of the anterior cingulate cortex.Neuroscience letters · 2018Article
- Chronic nicotine differentially alters spontaneous recovery of contextual fear in male and female mice.Behavioural brain research · 2018Article
- Differential effects of α4β2 nicotinic receptor antagonists and partial-agonists on contextual fear extinction in male C57BL/6 mice.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Pre-adolescent and adolescent mice are less sensitive to the effects of acute nicotine on extinction and spontaneous recovery.Brain research bulletin · 2018Article
- Tyrosine receptor kinase B receptor activation reverses the impairing effects of acute nicotine on contextual fear extinction.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2018Article
- Sex differences in the effects of nicotine on contextual fear extinction.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2018Article
- Acute nicotine disrupts consolidation of contextual fear extinction and alters long-term memory-associated hippocampal kinase activity.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2017Article
- Impairment of contextual fear extinction by chronic nicotine and withdrawal from chronic nicotine is associated with hippocampal nAChR upregulation.Neuropharmacology · 2016Article
- High-affinity α4β2 nicotinic receptors mediate the impairing effects of acute nicotine on contextual fear extinction.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure therapy, which focuses on extinguishing fear-triggering cues and contexts, is widely used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, PTSD patients who received successful exposure therapy are vulnerable to relapse of fear response after a period of time, a phenomenon known as spontaneous recovery (SR). Increasing evidence suggests ventral hippocampus, basolateral amygdala, and infralimbic cortex may be involved in SR. PTSD patients also show high rates of comorbidity with nicotine dependence. While the comorbidity between smoking and PTSD might suggest nicotine may alter SR, the effects of nicotine on SR of contextual fear are unknown. In the present study, we tested the effects of acute nicotine administration on SR of extinguished contextual fear memories and c-fos immediate early gene immunohistochemistry in mice. Our results demonstrated that acute nicotine enhanced SR of extinguished fear whereas acute nicotine did not affect retrieval of unextinguished contextual memories. This suggests that the effect of acute nicotine on SR is specific for memories that have undergone extinction treatment. C-fos immunoreactive (IR) cells in the ventral hippocampus and basolateral amygdala were increased in the nicotine-treated mice following testing for SR, whereas the number of IR cells in the infralimbic cortex was decreased in the same group. Overall, this study suggests that nicotine may adversely affect context-specific relapse of fear memories and this effect is potentially mediated by the suppression of cortical regions and increased activity in the ventral hippocampus and amygdala.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.