Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27421889›Full record

SynthesisBMC cancer2016

Chronic kidney disease and the risk of cancer: an individual patient data meta-analysis of 32,057 participants from six prospective studies.

Germaine Wong, Natalie Staplin, Jonathan Emberson, Colin Baigent, Robin Turner, John Chalmers, Sophia Zoungas, Carol Pollock, Bruce Cooper, David Harris and 7 more

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Chronic kidney disease and risk of kidney or urothelial malignancy: systematic review and meta-analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.

Germaine WongSydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Germaine.wong@health.nsw.gov.au.
Natalie StaplinClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK.
Jonathan EmbersonClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK.
Colin BaigentClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK.
Robin TurnerSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
John ChalmersThe George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.
Sophia ZoungasThe George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.
Carol PollockNorthern Clinical School, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Bruce CooperNorthern Clinical School, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
David HarrisCentre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia.
Jie Jin WangCentre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Paul MitchellCentre for Vision Research, Westmead Millennium Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Richard PrinceSchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
Wai Hon LimSchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
Joshua LewisSchool of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
Jeremy ChapmanCentre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia.
Jonathan CraigSydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
The University of Sydney · AUThe University of Western Australia · AUNuffield Health · GBWestmead Hospital · AUWestmead Institute for Medical Research · AUMonash University · AUMRC Population Health Research UnitThe George Institute for Global Health · AUUNSW Sydney · AU

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_U137686849Medical Research Council MC_U137686857Medical Research Council MC_UU_12026/3
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease but the relevance of reduced kidney function to cancer risk is uncertain.

methodsIndividual patient data were collected from six studies (32,057 participants); including one population-based cohort and five randomized controlled trials. Participants were grouped into one of five CKD categories (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥75 mL/min/1.73 m(2); eGFR ≥60 to <75 mL/min/1.73 m(2); eGFR ≥45 to <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2); eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m(2); on dialysis). Stratified Cox regression was used to assess the impact of CKD category on cancer incidence and cancer death.

resultsOver a follow-up period of 170,000 person-years (mean follow-up among survivors 5.6 years), 2626 participants developed cancer and 1095 participants died from cancer. Overall, there was no significant association between CKD category and cancer incidence or death. As compared with the reference group with eGFR ≥75 mL/min/1.73 m(2), adjusted hazard ratio (HR) estimates for each category of renal function, in descending order, were: 0.98 (95 % CI 0.87-1.10), 0.99 (0.88-1.13), 1.01 (0.84-1.22) and 1.24 (0.97-1.58) for cancer incidence, and 1.03 (95 % CI 0.86-1.24), 0.95 (0.78-1.16), 1.00 (0.76-1.33), and 1.58 (1.09-2.30) for cancer mortality. Among dialysis patients, there was an excess risk of cancers of the urinary tract (adjusted HR: 2.34; 95 % CI 1.10-4.98) and endocrine cancers (11.65; 95 % CI: 1.30-104.12), and an excess risk of death from digestive tract cancers (2.11; 95 % CI: 1.13-3.99), but a reduced risk of prostate cancers (0.38; 95 % CI: 0.18-0.83).

conclusionsWhilst no association between reduced renal function and the overall risk of cancer was observed, there was evidence among dialysis patients that the risk of cancer was increased (urinary tract, endocrine and digestive tract) or decreased (prostate) at specific sites. Larger studies are needed to characterise these site-specific associations and to identify their pathogenesis.

Indexed as

AgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRisk FactorsCancer epidemiologyChronic kidney diseaseSurvival analyses

Identifiers

PMID27421889
PMCPMC4947287
OpenAlexW2464460581

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.