ReviewAnnals of epidemiology2016
Data and methods to characterize the role of sex work and to inform sex work programs in generalized HIV epidemics: evidence to challenge assumptions.
Review in Annals of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global population attributable fraction of potentially modifiable risk factors for mental disorders: a meta-umbrella systematic review.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Barriers facilitators and needs of female sex workers in Arak to access sexual health services a qualitative study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Challenges and Opportunities in Big Data Science to Address Health Inequities and Focus the HIV Response.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Comparison of Empirically Derived and Model-Based Estimates of Key Population HIV Incidence and the Distribution of New Infections by Population Group in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Article
- Adequate funding of comprehensive community-based programs for key populations needed now more than ever to reach and sustain HIV targets.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Article
- Evaluating the quality of HIV epidemiologic evidence for populations in the absence of a reliable sampling frame: a modified quality assessment tool.Annals of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Overlapping Key Populations and HIV Transmission in Tijuana, Mexico: A Modelling Analysis of Epidemic Drivers.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Estimating the epidemic consequences of HIV prevention gaps among key populations.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- Overview of the epidemiological conditions of HIV among key populations in Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Review
- Using factor analyses to estimate the number of female sex workers across Malawi from multiple regional sources.Annals of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Estimating the Population Size of Female Sex Workers in Zimbabwe: Comparison of Estimates Obtained Using Different Methods in Twenty Sites and Development of a National-Level Estimate.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Characterizing Multi-level Determinants of HIV Prevalence Among Female Sex Workers in Maseru and Maputsoe, Lesotho.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- The role of sex work laws and stigmas in increasing HIV risks among sex workers.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Contribution of high risk groups' unmet needs may be underestimated in epidemic models without risk turnover: A mechanistic modelling analysis.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2020Article
- Evolving HIV epidemics: the urgent need to refocus on populations with risk.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2019Review
- Bayesian Estimation of MSM Population Size in Côte d'Ivoire.Statistics and public policy (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2019Article
- HIV-related data among key populations to inform evidence-based responses: protocol of a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2018Article
- Vulnerabilities at First Sex and Their Association With Lifetime Gender-Based Violence and HIV Prevalence Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Engaged in Sex Work, Transactional Sex, and Casual Sex in Kenya.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the context of generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, there has been limited recent investment in HIV surveillance and prevention programming for key populations including female sex workers. Often implicit in the decision to limit investment in these epidemic settings are assumptions including that commercial sex is not significant to the sustained transmission of HIV, and HIV interventions designed to reach "all segments of society" will reach female sex workers and clients. Emerging empiric and model-based evidence is challenging these assumptions. This article highlights the frameworks and estimates used to characterize the role of sex work in HIV epidemics as well as the relevant empiric data landscape on sex work in generalized HIV epidemics and their strengths and limitations. Traditional approaches to estimate the contribution of sex work to HIV epidemics do not capture the potential for upstream and downstream sexual and vertical HIV transmission. Emerging approaches such as the transmission population attributable fraction from dynamic mathematical models can address this gap. To move forward, the HIV scientific community must begin by replacing assumptions about the epidemiology of generalized HIV epidemics with data and more appropriate methods of estimating the contribution of unprotected sex in the context of sex work.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.