ArticleMediators of inflammation2016
Reduced Parasite Burden in Children with Falciparum Malaria and Bacteremia Coinfections: Role of Mediators of Inflammation.
Article in Mediators of inflammation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interleukin-5 levels in relation to malaria severity: a systematic review.Malaria journal · 2023Pooled it
- Distinct cytokine profiles in malaria coinfections: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Elevation of serum interleukin-1β levels as a potential indicator for malarial infection and severe malaria: a meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of blood interleukin-4 levels concerning malaria infection and severity.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- Iron homeostasis and cytokine responses in Gabonese children with febrile illness.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Cytokine pattern during asymptomatic Anaplasma spp. infections and effect of co-infections by malaria and helminths in schoolchildren of Franceville, southeastern Gabon.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Diagnostic accuracy ofExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 decreases malaria severity in co-infected rodent models.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Malaria-induced bacteremia as a consequence of multiple parasite survival strategies.Current research in microbial sciences · 2021Review
- Staged progression epidemic models for the transmission of invasive nontyphoidalMathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE · 2021Article
- Disrupted Iron Metabolism and Mortality during Co-infection with Malaria and an Intestinal Gram-Negative Extracellular Pathogen.Cell reports · 2021Article
- Severe Anemia Is Associated with Systemic Inflammation in Young Children Presenting to a Tertiary Hospital in Uganda.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii Infection Drives Complex Patterns of Th2-Type Host Immunity and Mast Cell-Dependent Bacteremia.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Mediterranean Diet: Lipids, Inflammation, and Malaria Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- The Roles of Type I Interferon in Co-infections With Parasites and Viruses, Bacteria, or Other Parasites.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Distinct Biomarker Profiles Distinguish Malawian Children with Malarial and Non-malarial Sepsis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Dissemination of non-typhoidal Salmonella during Plasmodium chabaudi infection affects anti-malarial immunity.Parasitology research · 2019Article
- Infection against infection: parasite antagonism against parasites, viruses and bacteria.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2019Review
- Submicroscopic Plasmodium infection during pregnancy is associated with reduced antibody levels to tetanus toxoid.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Article
- Recognition and management of acute kidney injury in children: The ISN 0by25 Global Snapshot study.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteremia and malaria coinfection is a common and life-threatening condition in children residing in sub-Saharan Africa. We previously showed that coinfection with Gram negative (G[-]) enteric Bacilli and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf[+]) was associated with reduced high-density parasitemia (HDP, >10,000 parasites/μL), enhanced respiratory distress, and severe anemia. Since inflammatory mediators are largely unexplored in such coinfections, circulating cytokines were determined in four groups of children (n = 206, aged <3 yrs): healthy; Pf[+] alone; G[-] coinfected; and G[+] coinfected. Staphylococcus aureus and non-Typhi Salmonella were the most frequently isolated G[+] and G[-] organisms, respectively. Coinfected children, particularly those with G[-] pathogens, had lower parasite burden (peripheral and geometric mean parasitemia and HDP). In addition, both coinfected groups had increased IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, IFN-γ, and IFN-α and decreased TNF-α relative to malaria alone. Children with G[-] coinfection had higher IL-1β and IL-1Ra and lower IL-10 than the Pf[+] group and higher IFN-γ than the G[+] group. To determine how the immune response to malaria regulates parasitemia, cytokine production was investigated with a multiple mediation model. Cytokines with the greatest mediational impact on parasitemia were IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ. Results here suggest that enhanced immune activation, especially in G[-] coinfected children, acts to reduce malaria parasite burden.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.