ArticlePediatrics2016
Gender Conformity and Use of Laxatives and Muscle-Building Products in Adolescents and Young Adults.
Article in Pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patterns of Dietary Supplement Use among GBT2Q Men and Non-Binary Individuals in Canada.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Bias-based bullying, self-esteem, queer identity pride, and disordered eating behaviors among sexually and gender diverse adolescents.The International journal of eating disorders · 2024Article
- Muscle-Building Exercise and Weapon Carrying and Physical Fighting Among U.S. Adolescent Boys.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2023Article
- Performance-Enhancing Substance Use and Intimate Partner Violence: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
- Appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements (APEDS): Lifetime use and associations with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms among cisgender sexual minority people.Eating behaviors · 2022Article
- Diet pill and laxative use for weight control predicts first-time receipt of an eating disorder diagnosis within the next 5 years among female adolescents and young adults.The International journal of eating disorders · 2021Article
- Eating-related pathology at the intersection of gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, and weight status: An intersectional Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) of the Growing Up Today Study cohorts.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Article
- Gender Expression, Peer Victimization, and Disordered Weight-Control Behaviors Among U.S. High School Students.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021Article
- Ethnic/racial and gender differences in body image disorders among a diverse sample of sexual minority U.S. adults.Body image · 2021Article
- Femininity, masculinity, and body image in a community-based sample of lesbian and bisexual women.Women & health · 2019Article
- Alcohol Use and Disordered Eating in a US Sample of Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Adolescents.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2019Article
- Sexual orientation disparities in eating disorder symptoms among adolescent boys and girls in the UK.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2018Article
- The Cardiometabolic Burden of Self-Perceived Obesity: A Multilevel Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample of Korean Adults.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Article
- Eating Disorders and Disordered Weight and Shape Control Behaviors in Sexual Minority Populations.Current psychiatry reports · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUse of laxatives for weight loss and drugs or supplements to build muscle (eg, steroids) differs by gender and sexual orientation; little is known about factors contributing to these disparities. Conformity to gender norms concerning appearance could underlie these differences.
methodsThis study examined associations between childhood gender conformity and laxative and muscle-building product use from ages 13 to 25 years in a sample of 13 683 males and females in the US prospective Growing Up Today Study. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models of repeated measures estimated odds of past-year laxative and muscle-building product use by quartiles of greater childhood gender conformity in heterosexual and sexual minority (eg, bisexual, gay) participants.
resultsBy age 23 years, ∼20% of sexual minority females reported past-year laxative use. By age 19 years, 12% of all males reported past-year muscle-building product use. Sexual minority females had twice the odds of heterosexual females of using laxatives (P < .0001). The most gender-conforming females had 50% greater odds than the least-conforming females of using laxatives (P < .01). Moderate (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-2.75) and highly (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.38-2.33) gender-conforming males had higher odds than gender-nonconforming males of using muscle-building products.
conclusionsSexual minority females are at high risk for laxative abuse. Regardless of sexual orientation, gender conformity increased the odds of laxative abuse among females and muscle-building product use among males. Findings can inform prevention efforts to target youth at risk for laxative or muscle-building product use.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.