Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27418377›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2016

The Glasgow Outcome Scale - 40 years of application and refinement.

Tom McMillan, Lindsay Wilson, Jennie Ponsford, Harvey Levin, Graham Teasdale, Michael Bond

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 207 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
207citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03176823 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Remote Ischemic Conditioning as a Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury: a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

TypeinterventionalSponsorUnity Health TorontoRan2019 to 2024Enrolled44ConditionsTraumatic Brain Injury, Trauma, Nervous System, Reperfusion Injury, Ischemia, BrainArmsCellAegis Technologies autoRIC device, Best Practice Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
NCT05407948 completednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

The Interaction Between Cognitive Reserve and Neuropsychological Variables, Variables Related to Psychological Well-being and Health Care Usage in Relation to Long-term Outcome After Stroke or Traumatic Brain Injury

TypeobservationalSponsorNatascha EkdahlRan2018 to 2022Enrolled87ConditionsTraumatic Brain Injury, Stroke
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

207 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. Hyperbaric oxygen for severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized trial.The Journal of international medical research · 2020
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147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tom McMillanInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK.
Lindsay WilsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
Jennie PonsfordSchool of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton Campus, Wellington Road, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Harvey LevinDepartment of Physical Medicine &Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Graham TeasdaleInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK.
Michael BondInstitute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 1055 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK.

Funding

Chief Scientist Office CZH/4/658
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was first published in 1975 by Bryan Jennett and Michael Bond. With over 4,000 citations to the original paper, it is the most highly cited outcome measure in studies of brain injury and the second most-cited paper in clinical neurosurgery. The original GOS and the subsequently developed extended GOS (GOSE) are recommended by several national bodies as the outcome measure for major trauma and for head injury. The enduring appeal of the GOS is linked to its simplicity, short administration time, reliability and validity, stability, flexibility of administration (face-to-face, over the telephone and by post), cost-free availability and ease of access. These benefits apply to other derivatives of the scale, including the Glasgow Outcome at Discharge Scale (GODS) and the GOS paediatric revision. The GOS was devised to provide an overview of outcome and to focus on social recovery. Since the initial development of the GOS, there has been an increasing focus on the multidimensional nature of outcome after head injury. This Review charts the development of the GOS, its refinement and usage over the past 40 years, and considers its current and future roles in developing an understanding of brain injury.

Indexed as

Disability EvaluationBrain InjuriesGlasgow Outcome ScaleHumansReproducibility of Results

Identifiers

PMID27418377

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.