Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27418023›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2016

The changing incidence of thyroid cancer.

Cari M Kitahara, Julie A Sosa

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 612 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
612citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
51.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

612 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,049 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Dietary Pattern and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026
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  12. Characterizing risk groups in papillary thyroid carcinoma through T-Cell mediated tumor cell killing-related genes: a pathway to therapeutic predictions.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
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  14. Genomics and Multi-Omics to Guide Clinical Management in Thyroid Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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552 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Cari M KitaharaRadiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E-536, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9778, USA.
Julie A SosaSection of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Seeley Mudd Building #484, 10 Searle Center Drive, DUMC #2945, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Clinical Research Institute · USNational Institutes of Health · US

Funding

Studies of other risk factors for radiosensitive tumorsZIACP010219 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI KITAHARA, CARI · 2011 to 2025
$6.0M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA CP010219
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During the past few decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased substantially in many countries, including the USA. The rise in incidence seems to be attributable both to the growing use of diagnostic imaging and fine-needle aspiration biopsy, which has led to enhanced detection and diagnosis of subclinical thyroid cancers, and environmental factors. The latest American Thyroid Association (ATA) practice guidelines for the management of adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer differ substantially from the previous ATA guidelines published in 2009. Specifically, the problems of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of a disease that is typically indolent, where treatment-related morbidity might not be justified by a survival benefit, now seem to be acknowledged. As few modifiable risk factors for thyroid cancer have been established, the specific environmental factors that have contributed to the rising incidence of thyroid cancer remain speculative. However, the findings of several large, well-designed epidemiological studies have provided new information about exposures (such as obesity) that might influence the development of thyroid cancer. In this Review, we describe the changing incidence of thyroid cancer, suggest potential explanations for these trends, emphasize the implications for patients and highlight ongoing and potential strategies to combat this growing clinical and public health issue.

Indexed as

Adenocarcinoma, FollicularAge DistributionBiopsy, Fine-NeedleCarcinomaCarcinoma, NeuroendocrineCarcinoma, PapillaryHumansIncidenceMedical OveruseObesityRadiation ExposureRisk FactorsSex DistributionSmokingThyroid Cancer, PapillaryThyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic

Identifiers

PMID27418023
PMCPMC10311569
OpenAlexW2464424134

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.