ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2014
Iron, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Zinc Deficiencies in Children Presenting with Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers and Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Vitamin D Status and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Pooled it
- Micronutrients for ADHD in youth (MADDY) study: comparison of results from RCT and open label extension.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Nutritional Problems in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Narrative Review.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Trace Element Imbalances in ADHD: Hair Mineral Profiling via Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence and Wavelength-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Investigation of Feeding Problems and Their Associated Factors in Children with Developmental Disabilities in Saudi Arabia.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Could Low Serum TWEAK Levels Serve as a Biomarker for Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with ADHD, Specifically the Predominantly Inattentive Subtype?Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Maternal stress, cord blood zinc and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Npj mental health research · 2025Article
- Association between infant feeding and ADHD development in childhood: a birth cohort study in Taiwan.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- Gut-Brain Inflammatory Pathways in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Role and Therapeutic Potential of Diet.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Association of Magnesium, Iron, Copper, and Zinc Levels with the Prevalence of Behavior Problems in Children and Adolescents.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- ADHD and Risk of Precocious Puberty: Considering the Impact of MPH.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents with high salivary levels of copper, manganese, and zinc.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Serum levels of zinc, folate, and vitamin B12 in healthy children aged 3-12 months: Is routine screening necessary?Saudi medical journal · 2024Article
- Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Dietary Zinc Deficiency: A Status Report.Biological trace element research · 2023Review
- Review
- Peridontitis as a Risk Factor for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Possible Neuro-inflammatory Mechanisms.Neurochemical research · 2022Review
- Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder updates.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
- The Effect of Long-Acting Methylphenidate and Modafinil on Attention and Impulsivity of Children with ADHD using a Continuous Performance Test: A Comparative Study.Iranian journal of child neurology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder increasing in prevalence. Although there is limited evidence to support treating ADHD with mineral/vitamin supplements, research does exist showing that patients with ADHD may have reduced levels of vitamin D, zinc, ferritin, and magnesium. These nutrients have important roles in neurologic function, including involvement in neurotransmitter synthesis. The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of each of these nutrients in the brain, the possible altered levels of these nutrients in patients with ADHD, possible reasons for a differential level in children with ADHD, and safety and effect of supplementation. With this knowledge, clinicians may choose in certain patients at high risk of deficiency, to screen for possible deficiencies of magnesium, vitamin D, zinc, and iron by checking RBC-magnesium, 25-OH vitamin D, serum/plasma zinc, and ferritin. Although children with ADHD may be more likely to have lower levels of vitamin D, zinc, magnesium, and iron, it cannot be stated that these lower levels caused ADHD. However, supplementing areas of deficiency may be a safe and justified intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.