SynthesisPloS one2016
Gender-Differentiated Parenting Revisited: Meta-Analysis Reveals Very Few Differences in Parental Control of Boys and Girls.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06575777 (Analyzing of The Mother And Father's Parenthood Behaviours at The Early Postpartum Period), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Analyzing of The Mother And Father's Parenthood Behaviours at The Early Postpartum Period
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 335 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Gendered Parenting on Child Development Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2020Pooled it
- The parent-child relationship and child shame and guilt: A meta-analytic systematic review.Child developmentPooled it
- The effect of the Baby-Feed website intervention on diet quality in healthy infants: a randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Trial
- The Change From Passive to Active Parental Consent on Sample Composition; Do We Exclude At-Risk Youth?Evaluation review · 2026Article
- Sex Biases in Patterns of Parental Investment.Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Longitudinal associations between authoritarian parenting and adolescent antisocial thinking, depression, and anxiety: Between- and within-person effects.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- Cumulative Exposure to Harsh Discipline at Home and School on Child Development: Evidence From Ghana.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Families with Internationally Adopted Children in Finland: A Study of Emotional Availability in the Early Interaction.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Determinants of Parental Emotion Socialization Behaviors: Insights From a Large-Scale Population-Based Family Study.Scandinavian journal of psychology · 2026Article
- Caregiver Strain and Girls' ADHD, ODD, and Personality Pathology Symptoms: A One-Year Prospective Study.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- A dual-approach analysis of parenting styles and their differential impact on proactive and reactive aggression in Chinese adolescents.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Executive functions as mediators of early educational disparities by SES, gender and birth month.NPJ science of learning · 2026Article
- Overprotective parenting and preschoolers' physical activity and screen time: cross-sectional findings from the DAGIS survey.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Article
- The influence of parents gender attitudes on students career choices: a sociocultural analysis.Frontiers in sociology · 2026Article
- Unveiling gender disparities in mental health among Chinese preschoolers: partial statistical mediation by parental overreactivity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship Between Parental Overprotection and Offspring's Physical Health in Adulthood.Journal of Intelligence · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact of Perceived Parental Oversight on Problematic Smartphone Use Among Adolescents in the Digital Age: Database Analysis.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2025Article
- Sex-Based Parent Attributions for Child Behaviour.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Relationship of Early Postnatal Testosterone and Harsh Parenting at 1-3 Months of Age to Physical Aggression at 12 Months of Age in Boys and Girls.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Impact of Parenting on Grit: Serial Mediating Effect of Gratitude and Life Satisfaction.International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although various theories describe mechanisms leading to differential parenting of boys and girls, there is no consensus about the extent to which parents do treat their sons and daughters differently. The last meta-analyses on the subject were conducted more than fifteen years ago, and changes in gender-specific child rearing in the past decade are quite plausible. In the current set of meta-analyses, based on 126 observational studies (15,034 families), we examined mothers' and fathers' differential use of autonomy-supportive and controlling strategies with boys and girls, and the role of moderators related to the decade in which the study was conducted, the observational context, and sample characteristics. Databases of Web of Science, ERIC, PsychInfo, Online Contents, Picarta, and Proquest were searched for studies examining differences in observed parental control of boys and girls between the ages of 0 and 18 years. Few differences were found in parents' use of control with boys and girls. Parents were slightly more controlling with boys than with girls, but the effect size was negligible (d = 0.08). The effect was larger, but still small, in normative groups and in samples with younger children. No overall effect for gender-differentiated autonomy-supportive strategies was found (d = 0.03). A significant effect of time emerged: studies published in the 1970s and 1980s reported more autonomy-supportive strategies with boys than toward girls, but from 1990 onwards parents showed somewhat more autonomy-supportive strategies with girls than toward boys. Taking into account parents' gender stereotypes might uncover subgroups of families where gender-differentiated control is salient, but based on our systematic review of the currently available large data base we conclude that in general the differences between parenting of boys versus girls are minimal.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.