ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
Vectors as Epidemiological Sentinels: Patterns of Within-Tick Borrelia burgdorferi Diversity.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polyvalent mRNA vaccine targeting outer surface protein C affords multi-strain protection against Lyme disease.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Detection of Mycobacteria in Arabian camels and antimycobacterial potential of Moringa oleifera.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Differential Impact of Simultaneous or Sequential Coinfections WithInternational journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Tick-to-host transmission differs betweenMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Ecological interactions driving population dynamics of two tick-borne pathogens,Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Possible Association between Selected Tick-Borne Pathogen Prevalence andPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Maximum antigen diversification in a lyme bacterial population and evolutionary strategies to overcome pathogen diversity.The ISME journal · 2022Article
- The environment, the tick, and the pathogen - It is an ensemble.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Surveillance of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Suburban Natural Habitats of Central Maryland.Journal of medical entomology · 2021Article
- Rickettsia spp. in rodent-attached ticks in Estonia and first evidence of spotted fever group Rickettsia species Candidatus Rickettsia uralica in Europe.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Ecological and evolutionary perspectives on tick-borne pathogen co-infections.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2021Review
- Evolutionary Genetics ofCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2021Review
- Evolutionary ecology of Lyme Borrelia.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2020Review
- Microbial communities associated with the camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii: 16S rRNA gene-based analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Deconvoluting the diversity of within-host pathogen strains in a multi-locus sequence typing framework.BMC bioinformatics · 2019Article
- Competition Between Strains ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Genotyping and Quantifying Lyme Pathogen Strains by Deep Sequencing of the Outer Surface Protein C (Journal of clinical microbiology · 2018Article
- Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of strains of the agent of Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi from Canadian emergence zones.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Infection history of the blood-meal host dictates pathogenic potential of the Lyme disease spirochete within the feeding tick vector.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Genomic insights into the ancient spread of Lyme disease across North America.Nature ecology & evolution · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hosts including humans, other vertebrates, and arthropods, are frequently infected with heterogeneous populations of pathogens. Within-host pathogen diversity has major implications for human health, epidemiology, and pathogen evolution. However, pathogen diversity within-hosts is difficult to characterize and little is known about the levels and sources of within-host diversity maintained in natural populations of disease vectors. Here, we examine genomic variation of the Lyme disease bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), in 98 individual field-collected tick vectors as a model for study of within-host processes. Deep population sequencing reveals extensive and previously undocumented levels of Bb variation: the majority (~70%) of ticks harbor mixed strain infections, which we define as levels Bb diversity pre-existing in a diverse inoculum. Within-tick diversity is thus a sample of the variation present within vertebrate hosts. Within individual ticks, we detect signatures of positive selection. Genes most commonly under positive selection across ticks include those involved in dissemination in vertebrate hosts and evasion of the vertebrate immune complement. By focusing on tick-borne Bb, we show that vectors can serve as epidemiological and evolutionary sentinels: within-vector pathogen diversity can be a useful and unbiased way to survey circulating pathogen diversity and identify evolutionary processes occurring in natural transmission cycles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.