ReviewThe EPMA journal2016
Tear fluid biomarkers in ocular and systemic disease: potential use for predictive, preventive and personalised medicine.
Review in The EPMA journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04198740 (Proteomic and Metabolomic Lacrimal Fingerprint in Diverse Pathologies of the Ocular Surface), which is not on this map. Cited by 170 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Proteomic and Metabolomic Lacrimal Fingerprint in Diverse Pathologies of the Ocular Surface
Who cites it
170 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 371 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tear-fluid-derived biomarkers of ocular complications in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnosis accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in the diagnosis of breast cancer: a meta-analysis.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Pooled it
- Allogeneic Ex Vivo Expanded Corneal Epithelial Stem Cell Transplantation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Stem cells translational medicine · 2019Trial
- Nanosuspension-based Ocular Therapeutics for Infection Control: Integrating Mucin Interactions and Tear Film Dynamics.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Canine Tear Proteomics: A New Frontier in Veterinary Ophthalmology.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Exploring Alzheimer Disease from a Retinal and Ocular Perspective.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Fast nanoDSF Tear Fluid Profiling: Toward Diagnosis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Blood biomarker trajectories in ICU-directed prediction models - A scoping review.The EPMA journal · 2026Review
- Inflammatory molecules in tear fluid in retinitis pigmentosa: an exploratory case-control study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Nanomaterial-enabled smart contact lenses: bridging sensing, therapy, and theranostics for next-generation ocular healthcare.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in smart contact lenses.Biosensors & bioelectronics: X · 2026Article
- Exploring tear fluid biomarkers and the ocular surface in thyroid eye disease.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Ocular surface inflammatory cytokines as a biomarker for retinopathy of prematurity.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Immune cell dynamics and cytokine regulation in cornea and transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Can Insulin Drops Accelerate Corneal Healing After Corneal Cross-Linking? A Preliminary Case Series.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- High-Throughput Tear Proteomics Reveals Multi-Faceted Signatures of Thyroid Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Article
- Optical Contact Lenses Biosensors.ACS sensors · 2025Review
- Comparative Tear Fluid Proteomics to Explore Treatment Responsiveness in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Pilot Study.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the field of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine, researchers are keen to identify novel and reliable ways to predict and diagnose disease, as well as to monitor patient response to therapeutic agents. In the last decade alone, the sensitivity of profiling technologies has undergone huge improvements in detection sensitivity, thus allowing quantification of minute samples, for example body fluids that were previously difficult to assay. As a consequence, there has been a huge increase in tear fluid investigation, predominantly in the field of ocular surface disease. As tears are a more accessible and less complex body fluid (than serum or plasma) and sampling is much less invasive, research is starting to focus on how disease processes affect the proteomic, lipidomic and metabolomic composition of the tear film. By determining compositional changes to tear profiles, crucial pathways in disease progression may be identified, allowing for more predictive and personalised therapy of the individual. This article will provide an overview of the various putative tear fluid biomarkers that have been identified to date, ranging from ocular surface disease and retinopathies to cancer and multiple sclerosis. Putative tear fluid biomarkers of ocular disorders, as well as the more recent field of systemic disease biomarkers, will be shown.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.