ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2016
A Tetraspecific VHH-Based Neutralizing Antibody Modifies Disease Outcome in Three Animal Models of Clostridium difficile Infection.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Bacterial Infections: A Broad Review of the Field.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Robust high-sensitivity real-time impedance analysis for neutralization drug screening and toxicity kinetics ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Small but Mighty: Nanobodies in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- An anti-Shiga toxin VHH nanobody multimer protects mice against fatal toxicosis when administered intramuscularly as repRNA.Infection and immunity · 2024Article
- The state of play of rodent models for the study ofJournal of medical microbiology · 2024Review
- Fit-for-purpose heterodivalent single-domain antibody for gastrointestinal targeting of toxin B from Clostridium difficile.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- Immunization Strategies Against Clostridioides difficile.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Article
- Co-administration of an effector antibody enhances the half-life and therapeutic potential of RNA-encoded nanobodies.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Structure-guided design of a potentFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Single domain antibodies against enteric pathogen virulence factors are active as curli fiber fusions on probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Intramuscular delivery of formulated RNA encoding six linked nanobodies is highly protective for exposures to three Botulinum neurotoxin serotypes.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Establishment of a gnotobiotic pig model of Clostridioides difficile infection and disease.Gut pathogens · 2022Article
- Single Domain Antibody application in bacterial infection diagnosis and neutralization.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Neutralizing epitopes onFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Synthetic biology: at the crossroads of genetic engineering and human therapeutics-a Keystone Symposia report.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2021Review
- A novel single-domain antibody multimer that potently neutralizes tetanus neurotoxin.Vaccine: X · 2021Article
- Neuronal delivery of antibodies has therapeutic effects in animal models of botulism.Science translational medicine · 2021Article
- A VFrontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Picomolar SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Using Multi-Arm PEG Nanobody Constructs.Biomolecules · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), a leading cause of nosocomial infection, is a serious disease in North America, Europe, and Asia. CDI varies greatly from asymptomatic carriage to life-threatening diarrhea, toxic megacolon, and toxemia. The incidence of community-acquired infection has increased due to the emergence of hypervirulent antibiotic-resistant strains. These new strains contribute to the frequent occurrence of disease relapse, complicating treatment, increasing hospital stays, and increasing morbidity and mortality among patients. Therefore, it is critical to develop new therapeutic approaches that bypass the development of antimicrobial resistance and avoid disruption of gut microflora. Here, we describe the construction of a single heteromultimeric VHH-based neutralizing agent (VNA) that targets the two primary virulence factors of Clostridium difficile, toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB). Designated VNA2-Tcd, this agent has subnanomolar toxin neutralization potencies for both C. difficile toxins in cell assays. When given systemically by parenteral administration, VNA2-Tcd protected against CDI in gnotobiotic piglets and mice and to a lesser extent in hamsters. Protection from CDI was also observed in gnotobiotic piglets treated by gene therapy with an adenovirus that promoted the expression of VNA2-Tcd.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.