ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2016
Clinical Trials of Immunomodulation in Ischemic Stroke.
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Cell Infiltration into the Brain After Ischemic Stroke in Humans Compared to Mice and Rats: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Translational stroke research · 2021Pooled it
- Normobaric Hyperoxia in Patients With Acute Stroke: Enhancing Neuroprotection Through Inhibition of Inflammation.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Trial
- Natalizumab in acute ischemic stroke (ACTION II): A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Neurology · 2020Trial
- NET-mediated immunothrombosis in ischemic stroke: pathobiology, biomarkers, and therapeutic targeting.Thrombosis journal · 2026Review
- Neutrophil-Mimetic MRI Enables Ultra-Early Detection of Vascular Inflammation After Stroke.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation strokes the brain: A double-edged sword in ischemic stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation after stroke: initiation, amplification and therapeutic prospects.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The Role of TNF-α in Ischemic Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic implications.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Gut dysbiosis, metabolic signals, and pulmonary immune reprogramming: decoding the gut microbiota -immune axis in stroke-associated pneumonia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway of neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in ischemic stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- IL-1 family cytokines in inflammation and immunity.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Beyond the gut: decoding the gut-immune-brain axis in health and disease.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Microglia are prominent producers of inflammatory cytokines during the hyperacute phase of ischemic stroke.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Targeting CX3CR1 Signaling Dynamics: A Critical Determinant in the Temporal Regulation of Post-Stroke Neurorepair.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- LFA-1: A potential key player in microglia-mediated neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro.PloS one · 2025Article
- Integrating scRNA-seq and GWAS data reveals potentially critical endothelial cells in large artery atherosclerotic stroke.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Risk of stroke under disease modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Review
- Brain border-derived CXCL2CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms are currently considered as a prime target for stroke therapy. There is evidence from animal studies that immune signals and mediators can have both detrimental and beneficial effects in particular stages of the disease process. Moreover, several of these mechanisms are turned on with sufficient delay after ischemia onset to make them amenable to therapeutic intervention. Several clinical proof-of concept trials have investigated the efficacy of different immunomodulatory approaches in patients with stroke. Trials targeting the innate immune system have focused on reduction of microglial activation, inhibition of neutrophil migration, and interleukin-1 receptor blockade, suggesting that interleukin-1 receptor blockade may be a promising strategy. Studies aiming at halting T-cell migration have also been undertaken with controversial findings regarding prevention of infarct growth in neuroimaging studies. Consistently, recent proof-of-concept trials targeting lymphocytes with drugs such as natalizumab and fingolimod have yielded some promising results on clinical endpoints, but confirmation in larger trials is needed. At present, the understanding of the role of immune mechanisms in neurorepair and neurodegeneration is limited. Improving long-term brain function by mitigating prolonged neuroinflammation that was triggered by acute brain injury could be a strategy in addition to neuroprotection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.