ArticleDevelopmental science2016
Reading skill-fractional anisotropy relationships in visuospatial tracts diverge depending on socioeconomic status.
Article in Developmental science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic Status Disparities in Children's Cognition-Differences in Degree or Kind?Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Pooled it
- Optimal brain development is context-dependent: How socioeconomic status moderates brain-behavior relationships in cognitive and academic development.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- Reading and White Matter Development: A Systematic Review of Neuroplastic Changes in Literacy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Annual Research Review: Exposure to environmental chemicals and psychosocial stress and the development of children's learning difficulties.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Review
- The role of the hippocampus in working memory and word reading: Novel neural correlates of reading among youth living in the context of economic disadvantage.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Development of the arcuate fasciculus is linked to learning gains in reading.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- The Neurobiology of Life Course Socioeconomic Conditions and Associated Cognitive Performance in Middle to Late Adulthood.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- The promise and pitfalls of a strength-based approach to child poverty and neurocognitive development: Implications for policy.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- White matter and literacy: A dynamic system in flux.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic Disparities in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Regulation and Prefrontal Cortical Structure.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Review
- Socioeconomic Status and Reading Development: Moving from "Deficit" to "Adaptation" in Neurobiological Models of Experience-Dependent Learning.Mind, brain and education : the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society · 2023Article
- Associations Between Socioeconomic Status, Obesity, Cognition, and White Matter Microstructure in Children.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Associations between socioeconomic status and white matter microstructure in children: indirect effects via obesity and cognition.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Home language and literacy environment and its relationship to socioeconomic status and white matter structure in infancy.Brain structure & function · 2022Article
- Socioeconomic status and reading outcomes: Neurobiological and behavioral correlates.New directions for child and adolescent development · 2022Review
- Gray matter correlates of reading fluency deficits: SES matters, IQ does not.Brain structure & function · 2021Article
- Neurocognitive basis of deductive reasoning in children varies with parental education.Human brain mapping · 2021Article
- Far and wide: Associations between childhood socio-economic status and brain connectomics.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2021Article
- Second Graders' Grapho-Motor Skill Learning and Verbal Learning: The Effects of Socio-Educational Factors.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Parent Language Input Prior to School Forecasts Change in Children's Language-Related Cortical Structures During Mid-Adolescence.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been repeatedly linked with decreased academic achievement, including lower reading outcomes. Some lower SES children do show skills and scores commensurate with those of their higher SES peers, but whether their abilities stem from the same systems as high SES children or are based on divergent strategies is unknown. We here investigated a potential interactive relationship between SES and real-word reading skill in the white matter in 42 typically developing children. SES was determined based on parental education; reading skill and age were not significantly related to SES. There was a significant neural interaction: Clusters in the bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), left superior longitudinal fasciculus, and left corticospinal tract demonstrated interactive skill-SES relationships in fractional anisotropy. Follow-up analyses demonstrated that higher SES children showed a positive relationship between fractional anisotropy, reflecting tract coherence, and reading skill in left hemisphere tract clusters, whereas lower SES children showed a positive relationship in the right hemisphere homologues. Broadly, the ILF has been demonstrated to support orthographic skill on the left and more general visuospatial processing on the right, so high reading achievement in lower SES children may rely on supplementary visuospatial processing more than for higher SES readers. This pattern is consistent with previous work reporting low SES children's environments to include less rich verbal experience, which may lead them to disproportionately draw on visuospatial skills for success. Further, these results indicate that group SES differences may be best described by an adaptive, not a deficit, model.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.