ArticleBMC cancer2016
SOX2 expression is associated with a cancer stem cell state and down-regulation of CDX2 in colorectal cancer.
Article in BMC cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The bibliometric and visualized analysis on cancer stem cells in the early 21st century.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Review
- The Application of iPSCs in Tumour Immunotherapy.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- SOX9 suppresses colon cancer via inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and SOX2 induction.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Bioprinted Patient-Derived Organoid Arrays Capture Intrinsic and Extrinsic Tumor Features for Advanced Personalized Medicine.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Review
- Increased amounts of cell-free DNA released from a culture with a high content of cancer stem cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Mechanism of 5-fluorouracil induced resistance and role of piperine and curcumin as chemo-sensitizers in colon cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Silencing the Mitochondrial Gatekeeper VDAC1 as a Potential Treatment for Bladder Cancer.Cells · 2024Article
- Celastrus orbiculatus extract suppresses gastric cancer stem cells through the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Journal of natural medicines · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial agent chloroxylenol targets β‑catenin‑mediated Wnt signaling and exerts anticancer activity in colorectal cancer.International journal of oncology · 2023Article
- New insights into KLFs and SOXs in cancer pathogenesis, stemness, and therapy.Seminars in cancer biology · 2023Review
- Immunotargeting of Cancer Stem Cells.Cancers · 2023Review
- SOX2 Promotes Radioresistance in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Regulating Tumor Cells Dedifferentiation.International journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- SOX2 Promotes Invasion in Human Bladder Cancers through MMP2 Upregulation and FOXO1 Downregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Signaling pathways and targeted therapies in lung squamous cell carcinoma: mechanisms and clinical trials.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Cancer Stem Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment: Targeting the Critical Crosstalk through Nanocarrier Systems.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2022Review
- Identification of a neural development gene expression signature in colon cancer stem cells reveals a role foriScience · 2022Article
- Single-cell chromatin profiling of the primitive gut tube reveals regulatory dynamics underlying lineage fate decisions.Nature communications · 2022Article
- β-carotene regulates cancer stemness in colon cancerNutrition research and practice · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo improve current treatment strategies for patients with aggressive colorectal cancer (CRC), the molecular understanding of subgroups of CRC with poor prognosis is of vast importance. SOX2 positive tumors have been associated with a poor patient outcome, but the functional role of SOX2 in CRC patient prognosis is still unclear.
methodsAn in vitro cell culture model expressing SOX2 was used to investigate the functional role of SOX2 in CRC. In vitro findings were verified using RNA from fresh frozen tumor tissue or immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue from a cohort of 445 CRC patients.
resultsUsing our in vitro model, we found that SOX2 expressing cells displayed several characteristics of cancer stem cells; such as a decreased proliferative rate, a spheroid growth pattern, and increased expression of stem cell markers CD24 and CD44. Cells expressing SOX2 also showed down-regulated expression of the intestinal epithelial marker CDX2. We next evaluated CDX2 expression in our patient cohort. CDX2 down-regulation was more often found in right sided tumors of high grade and high stage. Furthermore, a decreased expression of CDX2 was closely linked to MSI, CIMP-high as well as BRAF mutated tumors. A decreased expression of CDX2 was also, in a stepwise manner, strongly correlated to a poor patient prognosis. When looking at SOX2 expression in relation to CDX2, we found that SOX2 expressing tumors more often displayed a down-regulated expression of CDX2. In addition, SOX2 expressing tumors with a down-regulated CDX2 expression had a worse patient prognosis compared to those with retained CDX2 expression.
conclusionsOur results indicate that SOX2 expression induces a cellular stem cell state in human CRC with a decreased expression of CDX2. Furthermore, a down-regulated expression of CDX2 results in a poor patient prognosis in CRC and at least part of the prognostic importance of SOX2 is mediated through CDX2 down-regulation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.