Trial reportAging2016
Long-term moderate calorie restriction inhibits inflammation without impairing cell-mediated immunity: a randomized controlled trial in non-obese humans.
Trial report in Aging, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Different Exercises Combined with Different Dietary Interventions on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adults: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Biological trace element research · 2022Pooled it
- Is Caloric Restriction Associated with Better Healthy Aging Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Caloric restriction improves glycemic control via the adiponectin-ceramide axis in non-obese men and women: the CALERIE™ 2 randomized controlled trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Endurance exercise intervention reduces vegetable intake which compromises the achievement of glycemic benefit: a randomized controlled, three-period crossover trial.Nutrition & diabetes · 2026Trial
- Randomised controlled trial of intermittent calorie restriction in people with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Effect of long-term caloric restriction on telomere length in healthy adults: CALERIE™ 2 trial analysis.Aging cell · 2024Trial
- Epigenome-wide Association Study Analysis of Calorie Restriction in Humans, CALERIETM Trial Analysis.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Trial
- Modestly Increased Incidence of Ketosis in Caloric Restriction Does not Significantly Alter the Effects of Caloric Restriction.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2022Trial
- Is muscle and protein loss relevant in long-term fasting in healthy men? A prospective trial on physiological adaptations.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2021Trial
- Effects of Caloric Restriction and Rope-Skipping Exercise on Cardiometabolic Health: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial in Young Adults.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Effect of 2 years of calorie restriction on liver biomarkers: results from the CALERIE phase 2 randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Effects of caloric restriction on human physiological, psychological, and behavioral outcomes: highlights from CALERIE phase 2.Nutrition reviews · 2021Trial
- Effect of Intentional Weight Loss on Mortality Biomarkers in Older Adults With Obesity.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2019Trial
- Intermittent Fasting Confers Protection in CNS Autoimmunity by Altering the Gut Microbiota.Cell metabolism · 2018Trial
- Lysosomal metabolism in pancreatic cancer and its crosstalk with host physiology.Genes & development · 2026Review
- What Do We Know About Immune System Aging from Human and Animal Studies?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A Healthy Lifestyle Can Slow Immune System Aging and Reduce Age-Related Chronic Inflammation: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bench to bedside: is rapamycin headed for the docTOR?GeroScience · 2026Review
- Aberrant CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) inhibits inflammation and slows aging in many animal species, but in rodents housed in pathogen-free facilities, CR impairs immunity against certain pathogens. However, little is known about the effects of long-term moderate CR on immune function in humans. In this multi-center, randomized clinical trial to determine CR's effect on inflammation and cell-mediated immunity, 218 healthy non-obese adults (20-50 y), were assigned 25% CR (n=143) or an ad-libitum (AL) diet (n=75), and outcomes tested at baseline, 12, and 24 months of CR. CR induced a 10.4% weight loss over the 2-y period. Relative to AL group, CR reduced circulating inflammatory markers, including total WBC and lymphocyte counts, ICAM-1 and leptin. Serum CRP and TNF-α concentrations were about 40% and 50% lower in CR group, respectively. CR had no effect on the delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response or antibody response to vaccines, nor did it cause difference in clinically significant infections. In conclusion, long-term moderate CR without malnutrition induces a significant and persistent inhibition of inflammation without impairing key in vivo indicators of cell-mediated immunity. Given the established role of these pro-inflammatory molecules in the pathogenesis of multiple chronic diseases, these CR-induced adaptations suggest a shift toward a healthy phenotype.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.