SynthesisNature2016
Unexpected role of interferon-γ in regulating neuronal connectivity and social behaviour.
Synthesis in Nature, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 440 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
440 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 687 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unravelling the link between chronic inflammation and primary hyperparathyroidism: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Early systemic inflammation induces neurodevelopmental disorders: results from ARTEMIS, a French multicenter study of juvenile rheumatisms and systemic autoimmune and auto-inflammatory disorders and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Nutritional regulation of gut-brain immune crosstalk across the lifespan.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- The effects of IFNγ on tissue physiology through structural cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Intestinal infections establish antigen-specific, long-lived memory CD4Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Large-Scale Data Analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Through GWAS Fine-Mapping and Systems Biology.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory Response to Postnatal Administration of Valproic Acid in Wistar Rats as a Mechanism for the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Role of Neutrophils.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Microglial IL-27 modulates depression-like behaviors induced by postnatal immune activation.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring peripheral immune mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- IL-4 in Alzheimer's Disease-Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Getting on your last nerve: IFNs and resistance to infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- The Role of Complement and CD4 T Cells in Preeclampsia and Offspring Neurodevelopment.Current opinion in physiology · 2026Article
- Autism subtypes identified using cross-species functional connectivity analyses.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Therapeutic targeting of neuroimmune mechanisms in neurodegeneration.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Neurodevelopmental comorbidities in juvenile systemic autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- The gut microbiome shapes social behaviour across animal species.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Barrier breakdown: lung-brain crosstalk in systemic inflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Circulating extracellular vesicle microRNAs mediate immune modulation of social behavior in male mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
380 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune dysfunction is commonly associated with several neurological and mental disorders. Although the mechanisms by which peripheral immunity may influence neuronal function are largely unknown, recent findings implicate meningeal immunity influencing behaviour, such as spatial learning and memory. Here we show that meningeal immunity is also critical for social behaviour; mice deficient in adaptive immunity exhibit social deficits and hyper-connectivity of fronto-cortical brain regions. Associations between rodent transcriptomes from brain and cellular transcriptomes in response to T-cell-derived cytokines suggest a strong interaction between social behaviour and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-driven responses. Concordantly, we demonstrate that inhibitory neurons respond to IFN-γ and increase GABAergic (γ-aminobutyric-acid) currents in projection neurons, suggesting that IFN-γ is a molecular link between meningeal immunity and neural circuits recruited for social behaviour. Meta-analysis of the transcriptomes of a range of organisms reveals that rodents, fish, and flies elevate IFN-γ/JAK-STAT-dependent gene signatures in a social context, suggesting that the IFN-γ signalling pathway could mediate a co-evolutionary link between social/aggregation behaviour and an efficient anti-pathogen response. This study implicates adaptive immune dysfunction, in particular IFN-γ, in disorders characterized by social dysfunction and suggests a co-evolutionary link between social behaviour and an anti-pathogen immune response driven by IFN-γ signalling.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.