ArticleOncotarget2016
Multiparameter comparative analysis reveals differential impacts of various cytokines on CART cell phenotype and function ex vivo and in vivo.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Boosting CAR T cell efficacy in cancer with metabolic insights from design to diet.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Advancing In Vivo Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Engineering to Accelerate Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2026Review
- The evolving role of cytokines for CAR-T cell manufacturing and beyond.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Mechanisms, optimization strategies, and salvage options for CAR-T cell therapy.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Single-cell genomics links targeted functional manipulations to efficacy-associated chromatin signatures in CAR T cells.Research square · 2026Article
- Advances in adoptive cell therapy for ovarian cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Developing immunotherapies through glycosylation reprogramming to combat solid cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Impact of Serum/Xeno-Free Medium and Cytokine Supplementation on CAR-T Cell Therapy Manufacturing in Stirred Tank Bioreactors.Biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- IL-7-mediated expansion of autologous lymphocytes increases CD8bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Metabolic reprogramming of CAR T cells: a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Engineering Improved CAR T Cell Products with A Multi-Cytokine Particle Platform for Hematologic and Solid Tumors.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Control of the antitumour activity and specificity of CAR T cells via organic adapters covalently tethering the CAR to tumour cells.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- CAR T cell therapy for patients with solid tumours: key lessons to learn and unlearn.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2024Review
- LIN28 upregulation in primary human T cells impaired CAR T antitumoral activity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A preclinical study of allogeneic CD19 chimeric antigen receptor double-negative T cells as an off-the-shelf immunotherapy drug against B-cell malignancies.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Mathematical modeling of endogenous and exogenously administered T cell recirculation in mouse and its application to pharmacokinetic studies of cell therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- CAR-T cell immunotherapy for ovarian cancer: hushing the silent killer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Cytokines as an important player in the context of CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: Their role in tumor immunomodulation, manufacture, and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exogenous cytokines are widely applied to enhance the anti-tumor ability of immune cells. However, systematic comparative studies of their effects on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CART) cells are lacking. In this study, CART cells targeting folate receptor-alpha were generated and expanded ex vivo in the presence of different cytokines (IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-21), and their expansion, phenotype and cytotoxic capacity were evaluated, in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the effect of the administration of these cytokines along with CART cells in vivo was also studied. IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 favored the ex vivo expansion of CART cells compared to other cytokines or no cytokine treatment. IL-7 induced the highest proportion of memory stem cell-like CART cells in the final product, and IL-21 supported the expansion of CART cells with a younger phenotype, while IL-2 induced more differentiated CART cells. IL-2 and IL-15-exposed CART cells secreted more proinflammatory cytokines and presented stronger tumor-lysis ability in vitro. However, when tested in vivo, CART cells exposed to IL-2 ex vivo showed the least anti-tumor effect. In contrast, the administration of IL-15 and IL-21 in combination with CART cells in vivo increased their tumor killing capacity. According to our results, IL-7 and IL-15 show promise to promote ex vivo expansion of CART cells, while IL-15 and IL-21 seem better suited for in vivo administration after CART cell infusion. Collectively, these results may have a profound impact on the efficacy of CART cells in both hematologic and solid cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.