Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27408698›Full record

ReviewF1000Research2016

Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy.

Massimo Allegri, Silvana Montella, Fabiana Salici, Adriana Valente, Maurizio Marchesini, Christian Compagnone, Marco Baciarello, Maria Elena Manferdini, Guido Fanelli

6 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in F1000Research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 112 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
112citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
20.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04559477 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Comparison of Static & Dynamic Back Extensor Endurance Exercises For Chronic Low Back Pain

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2020 to 2020Enrolled52ConditionsBack PainArmsStatic extension endurance exercise, Dynamic extension endurance exercise
NCT04651426 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Use of a Non-medicated Plaster in Chronic Lumbar Back Pain.

TypeinterventionalSponsorAzienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata VeronaRan2019 to 2019Enrolled54ConditionsBack PainArmsThe FIT Therapy patch (D. FENSTEC s.r.l. Altavilla Vicentina, Italy) is a medical device class 1
NCT05052840 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Back Muscles Endurance Training on Pain, Disability, Endurance and Lumbar Flexibility in Patients With Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2021 to 2022Enrolled28ConditionsMechanical Low Back Pain, Paraspinal Muscles, Muscle Stretching ExercisesArmsMuscle endurance training (MET), Conventional Treatment
NCT05280977 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Comparative Effects Of Post Isometric Relaxation And Post Facilitation Stretching On Range Of Motion, Pain And Functional Limitations In Patients With Erector Spinae Tightness: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of LahoreRan2021 to 2022Enrolled70ConditionsErector Spinae TightnessArmsPOST ISOMETRIC RELAXATION, POST FACILITATION STRETCHING
NCT06401499 phase4unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Low Dose Pregabalin and Etoricoxib Combination on Pain in Comparison to Etoricoxib Alone in Patients Suffering From Chronic Low Back Pain

TypeinterventionalSponsorMuhammad IlyasRan2024 to 2024Enrolled140ConditionsBack Pain Lower Back ChronicArmsetoricoxib 60mg
NCT07240090 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Relation of Craniovertebral Angle With Lumbar Proprioception and Trunk Muscles Strength in Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy

TypeobservationalSponsorBasma Ashraf Ali MohamedRan2025 to 2026Enrolled64ConditionsCervical Radiculopathy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

112 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 294 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Acupuncture for the Management of Low Back Pain.Current pain and headache reports · 2021
    Pooled it
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  8. A critical appraisal of the quality of low back pain practice guidelines using the AGREE II tool and comparison with previous evaluations: a EuroAIM initiative.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2018
    Pooled it
  9. The impact of surgeon volume on patient outcome in spine surgery: a systematic review.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2018
    Pooled it
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52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Massimo AllegriDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Service, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8201-980X
Silvana MontellaDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Fabiana SaliciDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Adriana ValenteAnaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Service, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy.
Maurizio MarchesiniAnaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Service, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy.
Christian CompagnoneAnaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Service, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy.
Marco BaciarelloDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Service, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy.
Maria Elena ManferdiniAnaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Service, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy.
Guido FanelliDepartment of Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy Service, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy.
Ospedale di Parma · ITUniversity of Parma · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a chronic pain syndrome in the lower back region, lasting for at least 3 months. CLBP represents the second leading cause of disability worldwide being a major welfare and economic problem. The prevalence of CLBP in adults has increased more than 100% in the last decade and continues to increase dramatically in the aging population, affecting both men and women in all ethnic groups, with a significant impact on functional capacity and occupational activities. It can also be influenced by psychological factors, such as stress, depression and/or anxiety. Given this complexity, the diagnostic evaluation of patients with CLBP can be very challenging and requires complex clinical decision-making. Answering the question "what is the pain generator" among the several structures potentially involved in CLBP is a key factor in the management of these patients, since a mis-diagnosis can generate therapeutical mistakes. Traditionally, the notion that the etiology of 80% to 90% of LBP cases is unknown has been mistaken perpetuated across decades. In most cases, low back pain can be attributed to specific pain generator, with its own characteristics and with different therapeutical opportunity. Here we discuss about radicular pain, facet Joint pain, sacro-iliac pain, pain related to lumbar stenosis, discogenic pain. Our article aims to offer to the clinicians a simple guidance to identify pain generators in a safer and faster way, relying a correct diagnosis and further therapeutical approach.

Indexed as

backCLBPlow back painspine

Identifiers

PMID27408698
PMCPMC4926733
OpenAlexW2466785051

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.