ArticleScientific reports2016
A sodium channel inhibitor ISTX-I with a novel structure provides a new hint at the evolutionary link between two toxin folds.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tick-Derived Peptide Blocks Potassium Channel TREK-1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Tick Paralysis: Solving an Enigma.Veterinary sciences · 2018Review
- KNOTTIN: the database of inhibitor cystine knot scaffold after 10 years, toward a systematic structure modeling.Nucleic acids research · 2018Article
- Joannsin, a novel Kunitz-type FXa inhibitor from the venom of Prospirobolus joannsi.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Members of arachnida, such as spiders and scorpions, commonly produce venom with specialized venom glands, paralyzing their prey with neurotoxins that specifically target ion channels. Two well-studied motifs, the disulfide-directed hairpin (DDH) and the inhibitor cystine knot motif (ICK), are both found in scorpion and spider toxins. As arachnids, ticks inject a neurotoxin-containing cocktail from their salivary glands into the host to acquire a blood meal, but peptide toxins acting on ion channels have not been observed in ticks. Here, a new neurotoxin (ISTX-I) that acts on sodium channels was identified from the hard tick Ixodes scapularis and characterized. ISTX-I exhibits a potent inhibitory function with an IC50 of 1.6 μM for sodium channel Nav1.7 but not other sodium channel subtypes. ISTX-I adopts a novel structural fold and is distinct from the canonical ICK motif. Analysis of the ISTX-I, DDH and ICK motifs reveals that the new ISTX-I motif might be an intermediate scaffold between DDH and ICK, and ISTX-I is a clue to the evolutionary link between the DDH and ICK motifs. These results provide a glimpse into the convergent evolution of neurotoxins from predatory and blood-sucking arthropods.
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