ArticleScientific reports2016
Chlamydia psittaci infection increases mortality of avian influenza virus H9N2 by suppressing host immune response.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-Infection ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Coinfection ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Multiple infections secondary to immunosuppression after Chlamydia psittaci infection: a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Case Report: Pneumonia Caused byInfection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Increased virulence due to multiple infection inParasitology · 2024Article
- Case Report: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing applied in diagnosing psittacosis caused byFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Case report: Clinical characteristics of two cases of pneumonia caused with different strains ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- The Origin of Internal Genes Contributes to the Replication and Transmission Fitness of H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Molecular characterization ofEpidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Molecular Characterization Analysis of Prevalent Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Pathogenicity Assessment of Recombination Strain in China.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Genetic and phenotypic analysis of the pathogenic potential of two novel Chlamydia gallinacea strains compared to Chlamydia psittaci.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Co-Infection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Intranasal immunization with inactivated chlamydial elementary bodies formulated in VCG-chitosan nanoparticles induces robust immunity against intranasal Chlamydia psittaci challenge.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- IL-10Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Infectious Bronchitis Virus Infection Increases Pathogenicity of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus by Inducing Severe Inflammatory Response.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
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- RecombinantFrontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Contaminated feed-borne Bacillus cereus aggravates respiratory distress post avian influenza virus H9N2 infection by inducing pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Limited adaptation of chimeric H9N2 viruses containing internal genes from bat influenza viruses in chickens.Veterinary microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 (H9N2) and Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) are frequently isolated in chickens with respiratory disease. However, their roles in co-infection remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that C. psittaci enhances H9N2 infection through suppression of host immunity. Thus, 10-day-old SPF chickens were inoculated intra-tracheally with a high or low virulence C. psittaci strain, and were simultaneously vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Significant decreases in body weight, NDV antibodies and immune organ indices occurred in birds with the virulent C. psittaci infection, while the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells increased significantly compared to that of the lower virulence strain. A second group of birds were inoculated with C. psittaci and H9N2 simultaneously (C. psittaci+H9N2), C. psittaci 3 days prior to H9N2 (C. psittaci/H9N2), or 3 days after H9N2 (H9N2/C. psittaci), C. psittaci or H9N2 alone. Survival rates were 65%, 80% and 90% in the C. psittaci/H9N2, C. psittaci+H9N2 and H9N2/C. psittaci groups, respectively and respiratory clinical signs, lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and higher pathogen loads were found in both C. psittaci/H9N2 and C. psittaci+H9N2 groups. Hence, virulent C. psittaci infection suppresses immune response by inhibiting humoral responses and altering Th1/Th2 balance, increasing mortality in H9N2 infected birds.
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