ArticlePreventive medicine2016
The role of neighborhood characteristics and the built environment in understanding racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neighborhood walkability and sex steroid hormone levels in women.Environmental research · 2022Pooled it
- Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Obesity and Biological, Behavioral, and Sociocultural Influences in the United States: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Childhood Obesity Evidence Base Project: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of a New Taxonomy of Intervention Components to Improve Weight Status in Children 2-5 Years of Age, 2005-2019.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2020Pooled it
- The role and impact of community health workers in childhood obesity interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2018Pooled it
- Body Mass Index Trajectories and Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk in Children from Low-Income and Racially and Ethnically Diverse Households.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2024Trial
- Physical Activity and Screen Time Practices of Family Child Care Providers: Do They Meet Best Practice Guidelines?Childhood obesity (Print) · 2022Trial
- A multi-component tailored intervention in family childcare homes improves diet quality and sedentary behavior of preschool children compared to an attention control: results from the Healthy Start-Comienzos Sanos cluster randomized trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Trial
- Comparative Effectiveness of Clinical-Community Childhood Obesity Interventions: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2017Trial
- Neighborhood-Level Variation in the Effectiveness of Intensive Health Behavior and Lifestyle Treatment for Pediatric Obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- The child opportunity index and its association with resting and exercising blood pressure in children: a Chicago metro area pilot study.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Factors Related to the Health of Ethnic Hispanic Children in the United States: Application of Multiple Disadvantage Model.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- A Multi-Level Intervention to Address Childhood Obesity in Rural Hispanic Communities.Obesity science & practice · 2026Article
- Nutrition security under constraint: food shopping, cooking, and structural barriers among Mexican immigrants in the Bronx, NYC.Food, culture, & society · 2026Article
- Differences across four major US urban areas in metabolic syndrome in the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth).Pediatric obesity · 2025Article
- Early-Life Factors and Body Mass Index Trajectories Among Children in the ECHO Cohort.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in clinical trials for pediatric obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Correlates of Childhood Body Mass Index: Racial and Ethnic Differences.Global journal of cardiovascular diseases · 2025Article
- Socio-Ecologic Influences on Weight Trajectories Among Children with Obesity Living in Rural and Urban Settings.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2024Article
- Assessing Electronic Health Records for Describing Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: A Research Note.Demography · 2024Article
- Pediatric obesity during COVID-19: the role of neighborhood social vulnerability and collective efficacy.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildhood obesity prevalence remains high and racial/ethnic disparities may be widening. Studies have examined the role of health behavioral differences. Less is known regarding neighborhood and built environment mediators of disparities. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in elevated child body mass index (BMI) are explained by neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and built environment.
methodsWe collected and analyzed race/ethnicity, BMI, and geocoded address from electronic health records of 44,810 children 4 to 18years-old seen at 14 Massachusetts pediatric practices in 2011-2012. Main outcomes were BMI z-score and BMI z-score change over time. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations between race/ethnicity and BMI z-score outcomes, sequentially adjusting for neighborhood SES and the food and physical activity environment.
resultsAmong 44,810 children, 13.3% were black, 5.7% Hispanic, and 65.2% white. Compared to white children, BMI z-scores were higher among black (0.43units [95% CI: 0.40-0.45]) and Hispanic (0.38 [0.34-0.42]) children; black (0.06 [0.04-0.08]), but not Hispanic, children also had greater increases in BMI z-score over time. Adjusting for neighborhood SES substantially attenuated BMI z-score differences among black (0.30 [0.27-0.34]) and Hispanic children (0.28 [0.23-0.32]), while adjustment for food and physical activity environments attenuated the differences but to a lesser extent than neighborhood SES.
conclusionsNeighborhood SES and the built environment may be important drivers of childhood obesity disparities. To accelerate progress in reducing obesity disparities, interventions must be tailored to the neighborhood contexts in which families live.
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