ArticlePLoS biology2016
Fecal Transplants: What Is Being Transferred?
Article in PLoS biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 85 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Comparison of the Adjuvant Effect of Probiotics Between Delivery Via Colonoscopic Spray and Oral Administration in Patients With Clostridioides Difficile Colitis Receiving Vancomycin Treatment
The Comparison of the Effect of Probiotics Between Delivery Via Colonoscopic Spray and Oral Administration in the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut bacteriophage dynamics during fecal microbial transplantation in subjects with metabolic syndrome.Gut microbesTrial
- Review
- Tryptophan metabolism mediated by the gut microbiota inhibits pyroptosis via the AhR signaling pathway to maintain intestinal epithelial homeostasis.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Research advances on gut microbiota dysbiosis and chronic liver diseases: a review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Reinventing malaria control: hierarchical intervention strategies for African settings based on the microbiota-barrier-innate immunity axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unraveling Type 1 Diabetes: Integrating Microbiome, Metabolomics, and Immunomodulation for Next-Generation Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Gut Virome and Aging: Phage-Driven Microbial Stability and Immune Modulation.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Glycaemic sugar metabolism and the gut microbiota: past, present and future.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities, combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and human health benefits - a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- The Gut Microbiota and Diabetes: Research, Translation, and Clinical Applications-2023 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetes care · 2024Review
- The gut microbiota and diabetes: research, translation, and clinical applications - 2023 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- Repeated inoculation with rumen fluid accelerates the rumen bacterial transition with no benefit on production performance in postpartum Holstein dairy cows.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Fecal microbiota transplantation and next-generation therapies: A review on targeting dysbiosis in metabolic disorders and beyond.SAGE open medicine · 2024Review
- The Next Generation Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: To Transplant Bacteria or Virome.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Murine sterile fecal filtrate is a potent pharmacological agent that exerts age-independent immunomodulatory effects in RAW264.7 macrophages.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- Gut Phageome-An Insight into the Role and Impact of Gut Microbiome and Their Correlation with Mammal Health and Diseases.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Microbiota Profiling on Veterinary Faculty Restroom Surfaces and Source Tracking.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Manipulation of the intestinal microbiome-a slow journey to primetime.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Review
- AAV-mediated delivery of actoxumab and bezlotoxumab results in serum and mucosal antibody concentrations that provide protection from C. difficile toxin challenge.Gene therapy · 2023Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fecal transplants are increasingly utilized for treatment of recurrent infections (i.e., Clostridium difficile) in the human gut and as a general research tool for gain-of-function experiments (i.e., gavage of fecal pellets) in animal models. Changes observed in the recipient's biology are routinely attributed to bacterial cells in the donor feces (~1011 per gram of human wet stool). Here, we examine the literature and summarize findings on the composition of fecal matter in order to raise cautiously the profile of its multipart nature. In addition to viable bacteria, which may make up a small fraction of total fecal matter, other components in unprocessed human feces include colonocytes (~107 per gram of wet stool), archaea (~108 per gram of wet stool), viruses (~108 per gram of wet stool), fungi (~106 per gram of wet stool), protists, and metabolites. Thus, while speculative at this point and contingent on the transplant procedure and study system, nonbacterial matter could contribute to changes in the recipient's biology. There is a cautious need for continued reductionism to separate out the effects and interactions of each component.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.