Trial reportJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2016
A Randomized Evaluation of a Demand Creation Lottery for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Among Adults in Tanzania.
Trial report in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The effectiveness of demand creation interventions for voluntary male medical circumcision for HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: a mixed methods systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Relative efficiency of demand creation strategies to increase voluntary medical male circumcision uptake: a study conducted as part of a randomised controlled trial in Zimbabwe.BMJ global health · 2021Trial
- Economic incentives for HIV testing by adolescents in Zimbabwe: a randomised controlled trial.The lancet. HIV · 2018Trial
- Increasing voluntary medical male circumcision uptake among adult men in Tanzania.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Incentive-based interventions to improve HIV prevention and care continuum: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- A 5-Year Review of the Impact of Lottery Incentives on HIV-Related Services.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Applying behavioural economics principles to increase demand for free HIV testing services at private doctor-led clinics in Johannesburg, South Africa: A randomised controlled trial.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Shifting reasons for older men remaining uncircumcised: Findings from a pre- and post-demand creation intervention among men aged 25-39 years in western Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Maximizing the Impact of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention in Zambia by Targeting High-Risk Men: A Pre/Post Program Evaluation.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Applying Behavioural Insights to HIV Prevention and Management: a Scoping Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Article
- Conditional economic incentives to improve HIV prevention and treatment in low-income and middle-income countries.The lancet. HIV · 2019Review
- Acceptability of woman-delivered HIV self-testing to the male partner, and additional interventions: a qualitative study of antenatal care participants in Malawi.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Article
- Strength of Evidence on Demand Creation for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision From 7 Impact Evaluations in Southern and Eastern Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
- Interventions to Drive Uptake of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision-A Collection of Impact Evaluation Evidence.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUptake of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) among adult men has fallen short of targets in Tanzania. We evaluated a smartphone raffle intervention designed to increase VMMC uptake in three regions.
methodsAmong 7 matched pairs of health facilities, 1 in each pair was randomly assigned to the intervention, consisting of a weekly smartphone raffle for clients returning for follow-up and monthly raffle for peer promoters and providers. VMMC records of clients aged 20 and older were analyzed over three months, with the number performed compared with the same months in the previous year. In multivariable models, the intervention's effect on number of VMMCs was adjusted for client factors and clustering. Focus groups with clients and peer promoters explored preferences for VMMC incentives.
resultsVMMCs increased 47% and 8% in the intervention and control groups, respectively; however, the changes were not significantly different from one another. In the Iringa region subanalysis, VMMCs in the intervention group increased 336% (exponentiated coefficient of 3.36, 95% CI: 1.14 to 9.90; P = 0.028), after controlling for facility pair, percentage of clients ≥ age 30, and percentage testing HIV positive; the control group had a more modest 63% significant increase (exponentiated coefficient 1.63, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.26; P = 0.003). The changes were not significantly different. Focus group respondents expressed mixed opinions about smartphone raffles; some favored smaller cash incentive or transportation reimbursement. IMPLICATIONS: A smartphone raffle might increase VMMC uptake in some settings by helping late adopters move from intention to action; however, there is no recommendation for this intervention more generally.
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