SynthesisCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2016
Predictors of persistent pain after breast cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
5 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph
Synthesis in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 150 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
150citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
23.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intercostobrachial Nerve Sparing in Breast Cancer Surgery to Reduce Persistent Post-surgical Pain - an International Randomized Controlled Trial
Analgesia Efficacy of Pre-operative and Post-operative PEC I/II Block for Bilateral Mastectomy With Reconstruction
Comparative Study Between the Efficacy of The Serratus Anterior Plane Block and Lumbar Intrathecal Fentanyl Injection for Postoperative Analgesia After Modified Radical Mastectomy
Chronic Postsurgical Pain: Multivariate Prediction Model
NCT07247448 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation
The Analgesic Efficacy of Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Block Combined With Pectoral Nerve Block II Versus Serratus Plane Block in Modified Radical Mastectomy
Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 314 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral magnetic stimulation for the treatment of fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pain management · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating the effect of upper-body morbidity on quality of life following primary breast cancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2024Pooled it
- Novel Prevention Approaches of Breast Cancer Surgery Related Complications: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Pooled it
- Risk factors for long-term arm morbidities following breast cancer treatments: A systematic review.Oncotarget · 2023Pooled it
- Predictors of fatal and nonfatal overdose after prescription of opioids for chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2023Pooled it
- Immediate impact of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) among women with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2023Pooled it
- The postoperative analgesic efficacy of different regional anesthesia techniques in breast cancer surgery: A network meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.Pain research & management · 2021Pooled it
- [Factors Related to Persistent Postoperative Pain after Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis].Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Predictors of Unemployment After Breast Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2018Pooled it
- Body mass index and persistent pain after breast cancer surgery: findings from the women's healthy eating and living study and a meta-analysis.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Independent Prognostic Factors for Predicting Wound Healing in People With Venous Leg Ulcers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair SocietyPooled it
- Preoperative Hypnosis versus Mindfulness for Reducing Postoperative Symptoms in Breast Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Comparison between ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block and paravertebral block on acute and chronic post mastectomy pain after modified radical mastectomy: randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- Interpectoral and Pectoserratus Plane Block vs. Local Anesthetic Infiltration for Partial Mastectomy: A Prospective Randomized Trial.Pain research & management · 2024Trial
- Modified pectoral nerve block versus bi-level erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia after radical mastectomy surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2023Trial
- Postoperative effect of sufentanil preemptive analgesia combined with psychological intervention on breast cancer patients.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Trial
- Association ofRadiology and oncology · 2023Trial
- Single-Dose of Postoperative Ketamine for Postoperative Pain After Mastectomy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2023Trial
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Li WangMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Gordon H GuyattMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Sean A KennedyMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Beatriz RomerosaMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Henry Y KwonMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Alka KaushalMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Yaping ChangMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Samantha CraigieMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Carlos P B de AlmeidaMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Rachel J CoubanMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Shawn R ParascandaloMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Zain IzharMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Susan ReidMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
James S KhanMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Michael McGillionMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Jason W BusseMichael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care (Wang, Craigie, Couban, Busse), Department of Anesthesia (Wang, Busse), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (Guyatt, Kaushal, Chang, Izhar, Busse), Michael G. DeGroote School of Business (Izhar), Department of Surgery (Reid) and School of Nursing (McGillion), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Chinese Cochrane Centre (Wang), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Diagnostic Radiology (Kennedy) and Department of Anesthesiology (Khan), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (Romerosa), University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain; Wayne State University School of Medicine (Kwon), Detroit, Mich.; Respiratory Sciences Program (de Almeida), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Medicine (Parascandalo), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland bussejw@mcmaster.ca.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul · BRSt Michael's Hospital · GBComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de Toledo · ESHospital Universitario de ToledoSichuan University · CNUniversity College Cork · IEWest China Hospital of Sichuan University · CN
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPersistent pain after breast cancer surgery affects up to 60% of patients. Early identification of those at higher risk could help inform optimal management. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to explore factors associated with persistent pain among women who have undergone surgery for breast cancer.
methodsWe searched the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases from inception to Mar. 12, 2015, to identify cohort or case-control studies that explored the association between risk factors and persistent pain (lasting ≥ 2 mo) after breast cancer surgery. We pooled estimates of association using random-effects models, when possible, for all independent variables reported by more than 1 study. We reported relative measures of association as pooled odds ratios (ORs) and absolute measures of association as the absolute risk increase.
resultsThirty studies, involving a total of 19 813 patients, reported the association of 77 independent variables with persistent pain. High-quality evidence showed increased odds of persistent pain with younger age (OR for every 10-yr decrement 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-1.48), radiotherapy (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.16-1.57), axillary lymph node dissection (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.73-3.35) and greater acute postoperative pain (OR for every 1 cm on a 10-cm visual analogue scale 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.30). Moderate-quality evidence suggested an association with the presence of preoperative pain (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.01-1.64). Given the 30% risk of pain in the absence of risk factors, the absolute risk increase corresponding to these ORs ranged from 3% (acute postoperative pain) to 21% (axillary lymph node dissection). High-quality evidence showed no association with body mass index, type of breast surgery, chemotherapy or endocrine therapy.
interpretationDevelopment of persistent pain after breast cancer surgery was associated with younger age, radiotherapy, axillary lymph node dissection, greater acute postoperative pain and preoperative pain. Axillary lymph node dissection provides the only high-yield target for a modifiable risk factor to prevent the development of persistent pain after breast cancer surgery.
Indexed as
Age FactorsAxillaBreast NeoplasmsChemotherapy, AdjuvantChronic PainFemaleHumansLymph Node ExcisionMastectomyMastectomy, SegmentalMastodyniaObservational Studies as TopicOdds RatioPain MeasurementPostoperative PainPreoperative Period
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Registered trials
NCT03421522ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03653988ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT05352282ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06417528ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT07247448ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.