Trial reportAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2016
Effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device on the immune microenvironment of the human cervix and endometrium.
Trial report in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Follow-up of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device for Atypical Hyperplasia and Early Endometrial Cancer Reveals Relapse Characterized by Immune Exhaustion.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Trial
- Impact of etonogestrel implant use on T-cell and cytokine profiles in the female genital tract and blood.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Cervico-vaginal inflammatory cytokine alterations after intrauterine contraceptive device insertion: A pilot study.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device on the immune microenvironment of the human cervix and endometrium.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2016Trial
- Sex Steroid Hormone Regulation of T-Cell Function and Antitumor Immunity.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Effect of Hormonal Contraceptives on Circulating Biomarkers of Inflammation, Chemotaxis, Angiogenesis, and Vascular Stress.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Observational
- The Impact of Intrauterine Devices on the Risk of Ureaplasma Species Overgrowth: A Review of the Literature.Cureus · 2025Review
- Endometriosis and adenomyosis unveiled through single-cell glasses.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Review
- Real world perspectives on endometriosis disease phenotyping through surgery, omics, health data, and artificial intelligence.npj women's health · 2025Review
- Effect of progestin-based contraceptives on HIV-associated vaginal immune biomarkers and microbiome in adolescent girls.PloS one · 2024Article
- Evaluating the impact of three progestin-based hormonal contraceptive methods on immunologic changes in the female genital tract and systemically (CHIME Study): a prospective cohort study protocol.BMC women's health · 2022Article
- Importance of the endometrial immune environment in endometrial cancer and associated therapies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Risk of precancerous cervical lesions in women using a hormone-containing intrauterine device and other contraceptives: a register-based cohort study from Denmark.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Use of Intrauterine Devices and Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition Among Insured Women in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Menstrual cycle-dependent alterations in glycosylation: a roadmap for defining biomarkers of favorable and unfavorable mucus.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2019Article
- Article
- Recent intrauterine device use and the risk of precancerous cervical lesions and cervical cancer.Contraception · 2018Article
- The Effects of Dienogest on Macrophage and Natural Killer Cells in Adenomyosis: A Randomized Controlled Study.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2018Article
- Effects of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate on the immune microenvironment of the human cervix and endometrium: implications for HIV susceptibility.Mucosal immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
problemThere is little information regarding the impact of the intrauterine device on immune parameters of the upper female reproductive tract related to risk of HIV acquisition. METHOD OF STUDY: We collected cervical and endometrial samples from women using the hormonal intrauterine device to study its effects on endocervical cytokines/chemokine concentrations, phenotypic markers of T cells, responses of endometrial T cells to activation, and alterations of endometrial cellular infiltrates.
resultsHormonal intrauterine device use was associated with: increased concentrations of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (endocervix); increased coexpression of CXCR4 and CCR5 (endocervix and endometrium); increased coexpression of CD38 and HLADR (endocervix and endometrium); increased intracellular IL-10 production after T-cell stimulation (endometrium); and increased density of T cells, most notably regulatory T cells (endometrium).
conclusionHormonal intrauterine device use resulted in both inflammatory and immunosuppressive alterations. Further research is needed to determine the significance of these changes for HIV risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.