ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2016
Nonprescription Antimicrobial Use in a Primary Care Population in the United States.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The intersection of the social determinants of health and antimicrobial resistance in human populations: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Determinants of Self-Medication in Immigrants: A Systematic Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and predictors of self-medication with antibiotics in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Pooled it
- Escherichia coli Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Community-Acquired Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Women: a Systematic Review.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Pooled it
- Wastewater surveillance reveals patterns of antibiotic resistance across the United States.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Using wastewater surveillance to investigate community-level differences in antibacterial resistance in a major urban center, USA.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- 'In Texas, everybody wants antibiotics': reducing inappropriate antibiotic expectations and use with a provider-patient communication tool in primary care.Family medicine and community health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of antibiotic self-medication and home storage among antibiotic users: a cross-sectional study in Vietnam.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A screening question to assess risk of using antibiotics without a prescription: a diagnostic study.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- 'Antibiotics are like gold': a qualitative study of patient perspectives on the use of antibiotics without a prescription.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and pattern of antibiotic use and resistance among Iraqi patients: a cross-sectional study.African health sciences · 2024Article
- A survey of patient practices regarding leftover antibiotics reveals a potential source of antibiotic overuse.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- The hidden dangers lurking at home: Unveiling the prevalence of leftover antibiotics and its associated factors among Lebanese households.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Situations predisposing primary care patients to use antibiotics without a prescription in the United States.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2024Article
- Acculturation and Subjective Norms Impact Non-Prescription Antibiotic Use among Hispanic Patients in the United States.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Perspectives on Non-Prescription Antibiotic Use among Hispanic Patients in the Houston Metroplex.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Using Antibiotics without a Prescription in a Pediatric Population in the United States.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Healthcare System Distrust and Non-Prescription Antibiotic Use: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Adult Antibiotic Users.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Factors of Self-medication with Antibiotics in Claiborne County, Tennessee.Journal of Appalachian health · 2023Article
- Non-prescribed antibiotic use for children at community levels in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Community antimicrobial resistance rates are high in communities with frequent use of nonprescription antibiotics. Studies addressing nonprescription antibiotic use in the United States have been restricted to Latin American immigrants. We estimated the prevalence of nonprescription antibiotic use in the previous 12 months as well as intended use (intention to use antibiotics without a prescription) and storage of antibiotics and examined patient characteristics associated with nonprescription use in a random sample of adults. We selected private and public primary care clinics that serve ethnically and socioeconomically diverse patients. Within the clinics, we used race/ethnicity-stratified systematic random sampling to choose a random sample of primary care patients. We used a self-administered standardized questionnaire on antibiotic use. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of nonprescription use. The response rate was 94%. Of 400 respondents, 20 (5%) reported nonprescription use of systemic antibiotics in the last 12 months, 102 (25.4%) reported intended use, and 57 (14.2%) stored antibiotics at home. These rates were similar across race/ethnicity groups. Sources of antibiotics used without prescriptions or stored for future use were stores or pharmacies in the United States, "leftover" antibiotics from previous prescriptions, antibiotics obtained abroad, or antibiotics obtained from a relative or friend. Respiratory symptoms were common reasons for the use of nonprescription antibiotics. In multivariate analyses, public clinic patients, those with less education, and younger patients were more likely to endorse intended use. The problem of nonprescription use is not confined to Latino communities. Community antimicrobial stewardship must include a focus on nonprescription antibiotics.
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