ArticleThe Plant cell2016
Structural Analysis of an Avr4 Effector Ortholog Offers Insight into Chitin Binding and Recognition by the Cf-4 Receptor.
Article in The Plant cell, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Fungal Cysteine-Rich Protein SsSCP Activates Immune Responses and Confers Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Tomato.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Structure-guided insights into the biology of fungal effectors.The New phytologist · 2025Review
- Structural basis of EHEP-mediated offense against phlorotannin-induced defense from brown algae to protecteLife · 2023Article
- Fungal Effectoromics: A World in Constant Evolution.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Action Mechanisms of Effectors in Plant-Pathogen Interaction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- An Integrated Omics Approach Uncovers the Novel EffectorFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- A diverse member of the fungal Avr4 effector family interacts with de-esterified pectin in plant cell walls to disrupt their integrity.Science advances · 2021Article
- A secreted LysM effector protects fungal hyphae through chitin-dependent homodimer polymerization.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- The AVR4 effector is involved in cercosporin biosynthesis and likely affects the virulence of Cercospora cf. flagellaris on soybean.Molecular plant pathology · 2020Article
- Secretome-Wide Analysis of Lysine Acetylation inFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- NMR and Fluorescence Spectroscopies Reveal the Preorganized Binding Site in Family 14 Carbohydrate-Binding Module from Human Chitotriosidase.ACS omega · 2019Article
- A LysM effector protein from the basidiomycete Rhizoctonia solani contributes to virulence through suppression of chitin-triggered immunity.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2019Article
- Article
- Effectors of Filamentous Plant Pathogens: Commonalities amid Diversity.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chitin is a key component of fungal cell walls and a potent inducer of innate immune responses. Consequently, fungi may secrete chitin-binding lectins, such as the Cf-Avr4 effector protein from the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum, to shield chitin from host-derived chitinases during infection. Homologs of Cf-Avr4 are found throughout Dothideomycetes, and despite their modest primary sequence identity, many are perceived by the cognate tomato immune receptor Cf-4. Here, we determined the x-ray crystal structure of Pf-Avr4 from the tomato pathogen Pseudocercospora fuligena, thus providing a three-dimensional model of an Avr4 effector protein. In addition, we explored structural, biochemical, and functional aspects of Pf-Avr4 and Cf-Avr4 to further define the biology of core effector proteins and outline a conceptual framework for their pleiotropic recognition by single immune receptors. We show that Cf-Avr4 and Pf-Avr4 share functional specificity in binding (GlcNAc)6 and in providing protection against plant- and microbial-derived chitinases, suggesting a broader role beyond deregulation of host immunity. Furthermore, structure-guided site-directed mutagenesis indicated that residues in Pf-Avr4 important for binding chitin do not directly influence recognition by Cf-4 and further suggested that the property of recognition is structurally separated or does not fully overlap with the virulence function of the effector.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.