ArticleBMJ open2016
Understanding the role of the immune system in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Immunometabolic CONnections to Scoliosis (ICONS) study protocol.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quality of life in adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis after brace treatment: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Efficacy of a reduced brace wear regimen supported by Schroth exercise in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized trial.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Emerging pathogenetic mechanisms in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: the role of inflammation and gut microbiota.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Review
- Radiographic outcomes of stick-assisted manipulation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a retrospective study of 57 patients.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Plasma exosome proteomics reveals upregulation of CILP-1 in concave side of paraspinal muscle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Clinical proteomics · 2025Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between Immune Cells and Scoliosis by Mendelian Randomization, Colocalization Analysis, and SMR.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- From a biomechanical perspective: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment strategies of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Investigating the causal links between inflammatory cytokines and scoliosis through bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.JOR spine · 2024Article
- Relationship between inflammatory laboratory parameters and severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A pilot study.Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation · 2024Article
- [Pathologic features of paraspinal muscle biopsies in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2023Article
- Back pain in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A comprehensive review.Journal of children's orthopaedics · 2023Review
- Quality of Life Evaluation Using SRS-30 Score for Operated Children and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Single-cell RNA Seq reveals cellular landscape-specific characteristics and potential etiologies for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.JOR spine · 2021Article
- The effect of deformity correction on psychiatric condition of the adolescent with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2018Article
- Radiologic comparison of posterior release, internal distraction, final PSO and spinal fusion with one-stage posterior vertebral column resection for multi-level severe congenital scoliosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2017Article
- Volumetric and Fatty Infiltration Imbalance of Deep Paravertebral Muscles in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2017Article
- Understanding muscle-immune interactions in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a feasibility study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2017Article
- Bridging the gap between observation and brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Journal of family medicine and primary careArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects up to 3% of children around the world. There is limited knowledge of AIS aetiopathogenesis, and this evidence is needed to develop new management strategies. Paraspinal muscle in AIS demonstrates evidence of differential fibrosis based on curve sidedness. Fibrosis is the hallmark of macrophage-driven inflammation and tissue remodelling, yet the mechanisms of fibrosis in paraspinal muscle in AIS are poorly understood.
objectivesThe primary objective of this study is to determine the influence of curve sidedness on paraspinal muscle inflammation. Secondary objectives include defining the mechanisms of macrophage homing to muscle, and determining muscle-macrophage crosstalk in muscle fibrosis in AIS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary paediatric centre in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. We will recruit boys and girls, 10-17 years of age, who are having surgery to correct AIS. We will exclude children who have an active infection or are on immunosuppressive therapies within 2 weeks of surgery, smokers and pregnant girls. Paraspinal muscle biopsies will be obtained at the start of surgery. Also, blood and urine samples will be collected from participants, who will fill questionnaires about their lifestyle. Anthropometric measures will also be collected including height, weight, waist and hip circumferences. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study has received ethics authorisation by the institutional review board. This work will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented in oral and poster formats at scientific meetings. DISCUSSION: This study will explore the mechanisms of paraspinal muscle inflammation, remodelling and fibrosis in AIS. This will help identify pathways and molecules as potential therapeutic targets to treat and prevent AIS. It may also yield markers that predict scoliosis progression and response to treatment in these children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.