ArticlePediatrics2016
Fetal Alcohol Growth Restriction and Cognitive Impairment.
Article in Pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infant circulating MicroRNAs as biomarkers of effect in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Feasibility and Acceptability of Maternal Choline Supplementation in Heavy Drinking Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Trial
- Efficacy of Maternal Choline Supplementation During Pregnancy in Mitigating Adverse Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Growth and Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Trial
- GWAS integrating maternal and child genetics reveals novel risk-modifying loci for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).Research square · 2026Article
- Nicotine metabolites generate craniofacial defects that are worsened by ethanol exposure.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Does a Biochemical Approach Facilitate the Diagnosis of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Neonatal Period?International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Alcohol Reprograms Placental Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Which Correlate with Reduced Fetal Brain but not Body Weight in a Mouse Model of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Alcohol Reprograms Placental Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Which Correlate with Reduced Fetal Brain but not Body Weight in a Mouse Model of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- The effect of air pollution exposure on foetal growth restriction in pregnant women who conceived by in vitro fertilisation a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cobalamin Status Among Patients with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)-A Preliminary Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Differentiating Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder from other neurodevelopmental disorders: neurocognitive and socio-emotional evidence.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Serum levels of leptin, ghrelin putative peptide YY-3 in patients with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Influence of childhood trauma and traumatic stress on a woman's risk of having a child with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- The Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Longitudinal Growth, Nutritional Status, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Early Childhood in Leyte, the Philippines.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Association between maternal blood or cord blood metal concentrations and catch-up growth in children born small for gestational age: an analysis by the Japan environment and children's study.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2024Article
- Article
- Breastfeeding and neurodevelopment in infants with prenatal alcohol exposure.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Effect of docosahexaenoic acid and olive oil supplementation on pup weight in alcohol-exposed pregnant rats.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Impact of low-level prenatal alcohol exposure and maternal stress on autonomic regulation.Pediatric research · 2024Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough both fetal and long-term growth restriction are well documented in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, effects on pattern of growth trajectory have not been characterized. Furthermore, the degree to which growth trajectories are related to fetal alcohol-related neurocognitive deficits is unknown.
methodsNinety-three heavy drinking pregnant women and 64 controls were recruited at initiation of prenatal care in Cape Town, South Africa. Small for gestational age (SGA) was defined as birth weight <10th percentile. Length/height, weight, and head circumference were measured at 6.5 and 12 months and 5, 9, and 13 years. Four growth trajectories were identified: SGA with long-term postnatal growth restriction (length/height-for-age <10th percentile through 13 years); SGA with catch-up growth; no SGA or postnatal growth restriction; and late-onset postnatal stunting. IQ was assessed at 5 and 10 years, and learning, memory, and executive function at 10 years.
resultsChildren born SGA with postnatal growth restriction were most heavily exposed. Exposure was intermediate for those born SGA with catch-up growth and lowest for those without prenatal or postnatal growth restriction. Effects on neurocognition were strongest in children with both prenatal and long-term growth restriction, more moderate in those with fetal growth restriction and postnatal catch-up, and weakest in those without growth restriction.
conclusionsThese findings validate the use of growth restriction in the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and identify growth trajectory as a biomarker of which heavily exposed children are at greatest risk for cognitive developmental deficits.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.