Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27400987›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2016

Population attributable fraction of Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma due to smoking and alcohol in Uganda.

Samson Okello, Cristina Churchill, Rogers Owori, Benson Nasasira, Christine Tumuhimbise, Charles Lagoro Abonga, David Mutiibwa, David C Christiani, Kathleen E Corey

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Risk factors of Esophageal Cancer in Punjab- A Case Control Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025
    Article
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  10. A Genomic Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Eastern Africa.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Samson OkelloDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda. okello.samson@must.ac.ug.ORCID 0000-0001-7377-6094
Cristina ChurchillDepartment of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Rogers OworiGwatiiro Hospital, Wakiso, Uganda.
Benson NasasiraDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Christine TumuhimbiseDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Charles Lagoro AbongaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
David MutiibwaDepartment of Surgery, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
David C ChristianiDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Kathleen E CoreyHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
Mbarara University of Science and Technology · UGHarvard University · USUniversity of Virginia · US

Funding

The Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseK23DK099422 · NIDDK · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI COREY, KATHLEEN ELIZABETH · 2013 to 2017
$938k
NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK099422
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the high rates and regional variation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in East Africa, the contributions of smoking and alcohol to the ESCC burden in the general population are unknown.

methodsWe conducted a case-control study of patients presenting for upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda. Sociodemographic data including smoking and alcohol intake were collected prior to endoscopy. Cases were those with histological diagnosis of ESCC and controls were participants with normal endoscopic examination and gastritis/duodentitis or normal histology. We used odds ratios associated with ESCC risk to determine the population attributable fractions for smoking, alcohol use, and a combination of smoking and alcohol use among adults aged 30 years or greater who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

resultsOur study consisted of 67 cases and 142 controls. Median age was 51 years (IQR 40-64); and participants were predominantly male (59 %). Dysphagia and/or odynophagia as indications for endoscopy were significantly more in cases compared to controls (72 % vs 6 %, p < 0.0001). Male gender and increasing age were statistically associated with ESCC. In the unadjusted models, the population attributable fraction of ESCC due to male gender was 55 %, female gender - 49 %, smoking 20 %, alcohol 9 % and a combination of alcohol & smoking 15 %. After adjusting for gender and age, the population attributable fraction of ESCC due to smoking, alcohol intake and a combination of alcohol & smoking were 16, 10, and 13 % respectively.

conclusionIn this population, 13 % of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases would be avoided if smoking and alcohol use were discontinued. These results suggest that other important risk factors for ESCC in southwestern Uganda remain unknown.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAlcohol DrinkingCarcinoma, Squamous CellCase-Control StudiesDeglutition DisordersEndoscopy, GastrointestinalEsophageal NeoplasmsEsophageal Squamous Cell CarcinomaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioRisk FactorsSmokingAfricaAlcoholEsophageal squamous cell carcinomaPopulation attributable fractionSmoking

Identifiers

PMID27400987
PMCPMC4940693
OpenAlexW2473457991

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.