ArticleCMAJ open
Mortality over 12 years of follow-up in people admitted to provincial custody in Ontario: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in CMAJ open. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Incidence of physical non-communicable disease in people who have experienced imprisonment compared with the general population in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Pooled it
- Sex differences in suicide, suicidal ideation, and self-harm after release from incarceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Pooled it
- Opioid use disorder in custodial settings: Continuity of opioid agonist therapy at a critical clinical inflection point.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2026Article
- Providing Mental Health and Substance Use Services to People Released From Custody During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study of Service Providers.The International journal of health planning and management · 2026Article
- Characterizing Aging-Related Health in Older Women with a History of Incarceration: Multimorbidity, Polypharmacy, Mortality, Frailty, and Depression.Journal of aging and health · 2025Article
- Programs supporting incarcerated and previously incarcerated indigenous peoples: a scoping review protocol.International journal of circumpolar health · 2024Article
- Development and validation of a population-based risk algorithm for premature mortality in Canada: the Premature Mortality Population Risk Tool (PreMPoRT).BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Share of Adult Suicides After Recent Jail Release.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Mortality in women with a history of incarceration in Norway: a 20-year national cohort study.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
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- Record linkage studies of drug-related deaths among adults who were released from prison to the community: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
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- Barriers and facilitators to opioid agonist treatment (OAT) engagement among individuals released from federal incarceration into the community in Ontario, Canada.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2022Article
- Opioid agonist treatment take-home doses ('carries'): Are current guidelines resulting in low treatment coverage among high-risk populations in Canada and the USA?Harm reduction journal · 2022Review
- Opioid agonist treatment uptake within provincial correctional facilities in British Columbia, Canada.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Assessing the determinants of completing OAT induction and long-term retention: A population-based study in British Columbia, Canada.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Article
- Rates of opioid agonist treatment prescribing in provincial prisons in Ontario, Canada, 2015-2018: a repeated cross-sectional analysis.BMJ open · 2021Article
- "They're not doing enough.": women's experiences with opioids and naloxone in Toronto.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2021Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to define rates and causes of death in custody and after release in people admitted to provincial custody in Ontario, and to compare these data with data for the general population.
methodsWe linked data on adults admitted to provincial custody in Ontario in 2000 with data on deaths between 2000 and 2012. We examined rates and causes of death by age, sex, custodial status and period after release, and compared them with data for the general population, using indirect adjustment for age.
resultsBetween 2000 and 2012, 8.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.3%-8.8%) of those incarcerated died in provincial custody or after release. The crude death rate was 7.1 (95% CI 6.9-7.3) per 1000 person-years. The standardized mortality ratio for those incarcerated in 2000 was 4.0 (95% CI 3.9-4.1) overall and 1.9 (95% CI 1.5-2.4) while in provincial custody. The most common causes of death were injury and poisoning (38.2% of all deaths), including overdose (13.6%) and suicide (8.2%), diseases of the circulatory system (15.8%) and neoplasms (14.5%). In the 2 weeks after release, the standardized mortality ratio was 5.7 overall and 56.0 for overdose. Life expectancy was 72.3 years for women and 73.4 for men who experienced incarceration in 2000.
interpretationMortality was high for people who experienced incarceration, and life expectancy was 4.2 years less for men and 10.6 years less for women compared with the general population. Efforts should be made to reduce the gap in mortality between people who experience incarceration and those who do not. Time in custody could serve as an opportunity to intervene to decrease risk.
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Registered trials
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