ArticleSpringerPlus2016
Apoptotic action of botulinum toxin on masseter muscle in rats: early and late changes in the expression of molecular markers.
Article in SpringerPlus, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- What Happened to Masticatory Muscles after Botulinum-Toxin-Type A Injection into Masseter: A Systematic Review.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Mitophagy in Botulinum Toxin Type A-Induced Muscle Atrophy.Oral diseases · 2026Article
- Botulinum toxin-induced masseter muscle atrophy is associated with impaired autophagic flux without signs of apoptosis in mice.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of botulinum toxin type A on masticatory function and musculoskeletal structure in rabbits.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Histomorphometric Changes of the Masseter Muscle of Rats After a Single Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Article
- The Role of Botulinum Neurotoxin A in the Conservative Treatment of Fractures: An Experimental Study on Rats.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2024Article
- Influence of vitamin D on muscle strength and botulinum toxin dosage through surface electromyography.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2024Article
- The Action of Botulinum Toxin A on the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: An Experimental Study on Rats.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2022Article
- Ultrasound dimensional changes of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle induced by orthognathic surgery and botulinum toxin A injection in Class II malocclusion.Oral radiology · 2021Article
- Botulinum toxin A injection into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle increased the posterior width of the maxillary arch in developing rats.Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2019Article
- Effect of the masseter muscle injection of botulinum toxin A on the mandibular bone growth of developmental rats.Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2018Article
- The effect of botulinum toxin-A injection into the masseter muscles on prevention of plate fracture and post-operative relapse in patients receiving orthognathic surgery.Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2018Article
- Review
- Injected Amyloid Beta in the Olfactory Bulb Transfers to Other Brain Regions via Neural Connections in Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Review
- S100 and p65 expression are increased in the masseter muscle after botulinum toxin-A injection.Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the early or late expression levels of p65, Bcl-2, and type II myosin and the frequency of TUNEL-positive nuclei in the rat masseter muscle after injection of different concentrations of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A). We injected either 5 U or 10 U of BTX-A into both masseter muscles of the rat. As a control group, the same volume of saline was injected. After 2 or 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed. Subsequently, a biopsy and immunohistochemical staining of the samples were performed using a p65, Bcl-2, or type II myosin antibody. Additionally, a TUNEL assay and transmission electron microscopic analysis were performed. The expression of p65, Bcl-2, and type II myosin increased significantly with increasing concentrations of BTX-A at 2 weeks after BTX-A injection (P < 0.05). The number of TUNEL-positive nuclei was also significantly increased in the BTX-A-treated groups in comparison to the saline-treated control at 2 weeks after BTX-A injection (P < 0.05). Elevated expression of Bcl-2 was also observed in 10-unit BTX-A-treated group at 12 weeks after injection (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks after injection, the number of enlarged mitochondria was increased, and many mitochondria displayed aberrations in cristae morphology after BTX-A injection. In conclusion, BTX-A injection into the masseter muscle increased the expression level of p65, Bcl-2, and type II myosin at an early stage. The morphological changes of mitochondria were more evident at 12 weeks after injection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.