ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2016
Immunity by equilibrium.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Unveiling the Link Between Inflammation and Adaptive Immunity in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Pooled it
- TNFα-driven epigenetic upregulation of TIGIT creates a targetable vulnerability in tumors.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Innate lymphoid cells in rheumatoid arthritis as mediators of pathology and resolution.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Immune Dysregulation and Community Health Factors in Maternal and Childhood Leprosy: A Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling Study.Infection & chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Why, Immunologically, Housing-Related Fungi and Endotoxins (and Other Chronic Pro-Inflammatory Stressors) Risk Latent Tuberculosis Reactivation, Severe Asthma, and Translocating and Invasive Infections in Indigenous Communities in Canada.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Review
- Long-term inhibition of protease hypersensitivity by initial immunological cross-regulation and epigenetic memory in lung stromal cells.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Differential regulation of type 2 immunity by glucocorticoids.BMB reports · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics of peripheral blood eosinophilia in nontuberculous mycobacterial disease: a multicenter comparative retrospective study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- The theory of tumor immuno-ecodynamics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The landscape of cellular immune alteration in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dermal T cell immunity and key regulatory signaling pathways: Implications in immune-mediated alopecia and hair regeneration.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Biological and clinical implications of a model of surveillance immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Updating the Discontinuity Theory to the Extended Immunity: The Symmunobiome Concept.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Discovery and functional characterization of LncRNAs associated with inflammation and macrophage activation.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2024Review
- Increased Expression of Neprilysin Is Associated with Inflammation in Preeclampsia.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Structures of complete extracellular receptor assemblies mediated by IL-12 and IL-23.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2024Article
- S1PR2: A Fulcrum in the Balance of Type 1 and Type 2 Responses during Sepsis-induced Acute Lung Injury.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2024Article
- Development of macrophage-associated genes prognostic signature predicts clinical outcome and immune infiltration for sepsis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The classical model of immunity posits that the immune system reacts to pathogens and injury and restores homeostasis. Indeed, a century of research has uncovered the means and mechanisms by which the immune system recognizes danger and regulates its own activity. However, this classical model does not fully explain complex phenomena, such as tolerance, allergy, the increased prevalence of inflammatory pathologies in industrialized nations and immunity to multiple infections. In this Essay, I propose a model of immunity that is based on equilibrium, in which the healthy immune system is always active and in a state of dynamic equilibrium between antagonistic types of response. This equilibrium is regulated both by the internal milieu and by the microbial environment. As a result, alteration of the internal milieu or microbial environment leads to immune disequilibrium, which determines tolerance, protective immunity and inflammatory pathology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
27396446What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.