ArticleFood & nutrition research2016
Delta- and gamma-tocotrienol isomers are potent in inhibiting inflammation and endothelial activation in stimulated human endothelial cells.
Article in Food & nutrition research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction in Older Adults: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Gamma-tocotrienol Inhibits Proliferation and Growth of HSD17B4 Overexpressing HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Article
- Inhibiting Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Subtype 3 Attenuates Brain Damage During Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Regulating nNOS/NO and Oxidative Stress.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Tocotrienols: Dietary Supplements for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Ficus deltoidea suppresses endothelial activation, inflammation, monocytes adhesion and oxidative stress via NF-κB and eNOS pathways in stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2020Article
- Utilization of Vitamin E Analogs to Protect Normal Tissues While Enhancing Antitumor Effects.Seminars in radiation oncology · 2019Review
- The leaves of Crataeva nurvala Buch-Ham. modulate locomotor and anxiety behaviors possibly through GABAergic system.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2018Article
- Cebpd Is Essential for Gamma-Tocotrienol Mediated Protection against Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic and Intestinal Injury.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Tocotrienol is a cardioprotective agent against ageing-associated cardiovascular disease and its associated morbidities.Nutrition & metabolism · 2018Review
- Tocotrienol Affects Oxidative Stress, Cholesterol Homeostasis and the Amyloidogenic Pathway in Neuroblastoma Cells: Consequences for Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTocotrienols (TCTs) are more potent antioxidants than α-tocopherol (TOC). However, the effectiveness and mechanism of the action of TCT isomers as anti-atherosclerotic agents in stimulated human endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions are not well established.
aims1) To compare the effects of different TCT isomers on inflammation, endothelial activation, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). 2) To identify the two most potent TCT isomers in stimulated human endothelial cells. 3) To investigate the effects of TCT isomers on NFκB activation, and protein and gene expression levels in stimulated human endothelial cells.
methodsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with various concentrations of TCT isomers or α-TOC (0.3-10 µM), together with lipopolysaccharides for 16 h. Supernatant cells were collected and measured for protein and gene expression of cytokines (interleukin-6, or IL-6; tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or TNF-α), adhesion molecules (intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, or ICAM-1; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, or VCAM-1; and e-selectin), eNOS, and NFκB.
resultsδ-TCT is the most potent TCT isomer in the inhibition of IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and NFκB, and it is the second potent in inhibiting e-selectin and eNOS. γ-TCT isomer is the most potent isomer in inhibiting e-selectin and eNOS, and it is the second most potent in inhibiting is IL-6, VCAM-1, and NFκB. For ICAM-1 protein expression, the most potent is δ-TCT followed by α-TCT. α- and β-TCT inhibit IL-6 at the highest concentration (10 µM) but enhance IL-6 at lower concentrations. γ-TCT markedly increases eNOS expression by 8-11-fold at higher concentrations (5-10 µM) but exhibits neutral effects at lower concentrations.
conclusionδ- and γ-TCT are the two most potent TCT isomers in terms of the inhibition of inflammation and endothelial activation whilst enhancing eNOS, possibly mediated via the NFκB pathway. Hence, there is a great potential for TCT isomers as anti-atherosclerotic agents.
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