ArticlePlanta2016
Immunolocalization of cyclotides in plant cells, tissues and organ supports their role in host defense.
Article in Planta, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design of a cyclic peptide targeting intracellular Staphylococcus aureus.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Discovery of Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-translationally Modified Knottins from the Deep-Sea SpongeJournal of natural products · 2026Article
- Plant Peptides on the Rise: From Historical Insight to Future Applications.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Effects of cyclotide-producing plants on the development and life history parameters of Leipothrix violarius.Experimental & applied acarology · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Plant Peptides: Structure, Classification, Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- The involvement of cyclotides in the heavy metal tolerance of Viola spp.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- New Insights into Involvement of Low Molecular Weight Proteins in Complex Defense Mechanisms in Higher Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Resistance is futile: targeting multidrug-resistant bacteria withRSC chemical biology · 2023Review
- Screening for Cyclotides in Sri Lankan Medicinal Plants: Discovery, Characterization, and Bioactivity Screening of Cyclotides fromJournal of natural products · 2023Article
- Rational domestication of a plant-based recombinant expression system expands its biosynthetic range.Journal of experimental botany · 2022Article
- The involvement of cyclotides in mutual interactions of violets and the two-spotted spider mite.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- LC-MS/MS identification and structural characterization of isolated cyclotides from precursor sequences ofJournal of biosciences · 2022Article
- Isolation and characterization of cyclotides from the leaves of3 Biotech · 2021Article
- EPIP-Evoked Modifications of Redox, Lipid, and Pectin Homeostasis in the Abscission Zone of Lupine Flowers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The life cycle of cyclotides: biosynthesis and turnover in plant cells.Plant cell reports · 2020Article
- Life in the Current: Anatomy and Morphology ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Evaluation of peptide-rich root extracts of Calliandria portoriscensis (Jacq.) Benth (Mimosaceae) for in vitro antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp lethality.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2020Article
- Article
- The Potential of the Cyclotide Scaffold for Drug Development.Biomedicines · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
MAIN
conclusionThe distribution of cyclotides was visualized in plant cells, tissues and organs using immunohistochemistry. Finding of cyclotides in tissues potentially vulnerable to pathogen attacks supports their role as defense molecules. The cyclotide family of plant peptides is characterized by the cyclic cystine knot motif and its diverse biological activities. Given their insecticidal and antimicrobial properties, the role of cyclotides in planta is probably associated with host defense. Our current understanding of the cellular compartmentalization of cyclotides in the vacuole is based on indirect studies on transgenic model plants that do not express cyclotides naturally. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging has also been used to study the distribution of cyclotides, but the technique's resolution was insufficient to determine their tissue or cell distribution. To avoid the limitations of these approaches, immunohistochemical visualization methods were used. Antibodies were raised in rabbits using cycloviolacin O2 (cyO2), and their specificity was determined by Western and dot blot experiments. Slides for immunohistochemical analysis were prepared from leaf, petiole and root fragments of Viola odorata and Viola uliginosa, and specimens were visualized using indirect epifluorescence microscopy. The antibodies against cyclotides were specific against selected bracelet cyclotides with high similarity (cyO2, cyO3, cyO8, cyO13) and suitable for immunohistochemistry. The tissue distribution of the cyclotides visualized in this way is consistent with their proposed role in host defense-relatively large quantities were observed in the leaf and petiole epidermis in both Viola species. Cyclotides were also found in vascular tissue in all the assessed plant organs. The vacuole storage of cyclotides was directly shown.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.