ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2016
p16 overexpression in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the head and neck: potential diagnostic pitfall with HPV-related carcinomas.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta analysis: HPV and p16 pattern determines survival in patients with HNSCC and identifies potential new biologic subtype.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in the Head and Neck: A Single-Institutional Retrospective Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN) of the foreskin: a case report and literature review.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the tonsil combined with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx: a case report.AME case reports · 2026Article
- Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) of the head and neck: state of the art and future perspectives.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Diagnostic relevance of p53 and Rb status in neuroendocrine tumors G3 from different organs: an immunohistochemical study of 465 high-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Clinicopathological Features of Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: Analysis of Twenty-Two Cases.Endocrine pathology · 2024Article
- Rare Head and Neck Cancers and Pathological Diagnosis Challenges: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Primary Oral Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-neuroendocrine Neoplasm (MiNEN): A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature.Head and neck pathology · 2024Review
- Clinical Behavior, Mutational Profile and T-Cell Repertoire of High-Grade Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Head and Neck.Cancers · 2023Article
- High-risk HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma in the temporal bone: a rare but noteworthy subtype.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2023Article
- Top 10 Basaloid Neoplasms of the Sinonasal Tract.Head and neck pathology · 2023Review
- Human papillomavirus status and prognosis of oropharyngeal high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma.Oral oncology · 2023Review
- A diagnostic pitfall; Small cell carcinoma-like features in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.Histology and histopathology · 2023Article
- Human Papillomavirus-Associated Combined Neuroendocrine and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Sinonasal Tract.Head and neck pathology · 2022Article
- Histomorphologic Spectrum of Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Rare Case.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2022Article
- Development of head and neck pathology in Europe.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2022Review
- Article
- Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Oropharynx and Nasopharynx.Head and neck pathology · 2022Review
- Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Head and neck pathology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNECs) of the head and neck have the morphological appearance of undifferentiated carcinomas and could be histologically similar to human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. The aim of the study is to characterize histologically, immunohistochemically, and virologically these unusual neoplasms. Nineteen HGNECs of the head and neck (1 oropharyngeal, 5 sinonasal, 7 of the larynx, and 6 of the parotid gland) were reviewed and analyzed with a immunohistochemical panel, with special emphasis on cell cycle proteins. The tumors were tested for HPV by in situ hybridization (GenPoint HPV, Dako) and PCR (SPF10-DEIA-LiPA25). Merkel cell polyomavirus was studied using the antibody CM2B4. Fifteen HGNEC were of small cell and 4 of large cell type. Most of the tumors (14/19, 73.7 %), including all the pure small cell carcinomas, showed a strong and diffuse positive staining for p16. Eleven of them (78.5 %) had Rb loss and a low or absent cyclin D1 expression. All cases were negative for HPV and polyomavirus. Most patients were smokers, diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease, and had a poor outcome, with a 5-year survival of 18 %. In conclusion, HGNECs of the head and neck are infrequently related to HPV infection, but usually show strong, diffuse positive p16 immunostaining due to Rb pathway dysregulation. Awareness of this immunohistochemical pattern of expression may avoid a potential diagnostic pitfall with HPV-associated non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas, which have a better prognosis.
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