Observational studyPloS one2016
Long Term Clinical Prognostic Factors in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Insights from a 10-Year Observational Study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and Paraclinical Biomarkers and the Hitches to Assess Conversion to Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A CD8Nature communications · 2021Trial
- DELPHI expert consensus-derived factors influencing the early use of monoclonal high-efficacy therapies in treatment-naïve patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Comorbidities for Predicting Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Treated With B-Cell Depletion.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- The role of age in choosing high-efficacy treatment for multiple sclerosis: an Austrian MS Database study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Multimodal predictors of disability progression and processing speed decline in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Refining Prognostic Factors in Adult-Onset Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review of Current Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Disease Modifying Therapies and Prognostic Factors Affecting Multiple Sclerosis Progression in a Local Centre of Hong Kong.Pragmatic and observational research · 2025Article
- Walk Longer! Using Wearable Inertial Sensors to Uncover Which Gait Aspects Should Be Treated to Increase Walking Endurance in People with Multiple Sclerosis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Predictive factors and treatment challenges in malignant progression of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Multiple sclerosis in the elderly: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Beyond lines of treatment: embracing early high-efficacy disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis management.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2024Review
- Investigating the Long-term Effect of Pregnancy on the Course of Multiple Sclerosis Using Causal Inference.Neurology · 2023Observational
- Prognostic Role of Visual Evoked Potentials in Non-Neuritic Eyes at Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Parity is associated with long-term differences in DNA methylation at genes related to neural plasticity in multiple sclerosis.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- Early Predictors of Disability and Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Long-Term Retrospective Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Progression risk stratification with six-minute walk gait speed trajectory in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- The Clinical and Economic Impact of Employees Who Are Care Partners of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis by Disease Severity.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2023Article
- Multiple sclerosis and computational biology (Review).Biomedical reports · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) has a highly heterogenic course making prediction of long term outcome very difficult.
objectiveThe objective was to evaluate current and identify additional clinical factors that are linked to long term outcome of relapsing-remitting MS assessed by disability status 10 years after disease onset.
methodsThis observational study included 793 patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Clinical factors hypothesized to influence long term outcome measured by EDSS scores 10 years after disease onset were analysed by Kaplan-Meier-estimates. Multinomial logistic regression models regarding mild (EDSS ≤2.5), moderate (EDSS 3.0-5.5) or severe (EDSS ≥6.0) disability were calculated to correct for confounders.
resultsSecondary progression was the strongest predictor of severe disability (Hazard ratio [HR] 503.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 160.0-1580.1); p<0.001). Complete remission of neurological symptoms at onset reduced the risk of moderate disability (HR 0.42; CI 0.23-0.77; p = 0.005), while depression (HR 3.59; CI 1.14-11.24; p = 0.028) and cognitive dysfunction (HR 4.64; CI 1.11-19.50; p = 0.036) 10 years after disease onset were associated with severe disability. Oligoclonal bands and pregnancy were not correlated with disability.
conclusionWe were able to identify clinically apparent chronic depression and cognitive dysfunction to be associated with adverse long term outcome in MS and to confirm that pregnancy has no negative impact. Additionally, we emphasize the positive predictive value of complete remission of initial symptoms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.