ArticleOncotarget2016
A phase I study of intratumoral ipilimumab and interleukin-2 in patients with advanced melanoma.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- ERK1/2 Phosphorylation Predicts Survival in Recurrent Glioblastoma Following Intracerebral and Adjuvant PD-1/CTLA-4 Immunotherapy: A REMARK-guided Analysis.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Intratumoral delivery of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors for recurrent/refractory solid tumors: a proof-of-concept treatment strategy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Adding Intratumoral Antibody-Photoabsorber Conjugate Improves Efficacy of Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT).Cancer science · 2026Article
- Insight of immune checkpoint blockades in melanoma: mechanism and clinical translation.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Advancements in intratumoral therapies for liver tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Regulatory T cells in solid tumor immunotherapy: effect, mechanism and clinical application.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Potentiating intratumoral therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors: shifting the paradigm of multimodality therapeutics.Immuno-oncology technology · 2025Review
- Topical and Intralesional Treatments for Skin Metastases and Locoregionally Advanced Melanoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- Emerging Strategies for Immunotherapy of Solid Tumors Using Lipid-Based Nanoparticles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- An engineered immunocytokine with collagen affinity improves the tumor bioavailability, tolerability, and therapeutic efficacy of IL-2.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory effect of locoregional therapy in the tumor microenvironment.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Review
- Advances in Intralesional Therapy for Locoregionally Advanced and Metastatic Melanoma: Five Years of Progress.Cancers · 2023Review
- Proactive Immunotherapeutic Approaches against Inflammatory Breast Cancer May Improve Patient Outcomes.Cells · 2022Article
- Alternative Routes of Administration for Therapeutic Antibodies-State of the Art.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Intratumoral therapies and in-situ vaccination for melanoma.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Tumor-associated Tregs obstruct antitumor immunity by promoting T cell dysfunction and restricting clonal diversity in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Maximizing response to intratumoral immunotherapy in mice by tuning local retention.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Chemo-immunoablation of solid tumors: A new concept in tumor ablation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Intratumoural administration and tumour tissue targeting of cancer immunotherapies.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeIntratumoral interleukin-2 (IL-2) is effective but does not generate systemic immunity. Intravenous ipilimumab produces durable clinical response in a minority of patients, with potentially severe toxicities. Circulating anti-tumor T cells activated by ipilimumab may differ greatly from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes activated by intratumoral ipilimumab in phenotypes and functionality. The objective of this study was to primarily assess the safety of intratumoral ipilimumab/IL-2 combination and to obtain data on clinical efficacy.
resultsThere was no dose limiting toxicity. While local response of injected lesions was observed in 67% patients (95% CI, 40%-93%), an abscopal response was seen in 89% (95% CI, 68%-100%). The overall response rate and clinical benefit rate by immune-related response criteria (irRC) was 40% (95% CI, 10%-70%) and 50% (95% CI, 19%-81%), respectively. Enhanced systemic immune response was observed in most patients and correlated with clinical responses. EXPERIMENTAL
designTwelve patients with unresectable stages III/IV melanoma were enrolled. A standard 3+3 design was employed to assess highest tolerable intratumoral dose of ipilimumab and IL-2 based on toxicity during the first three weeks. Escalated doses of ipilimumab was injected into only one lesion weekly for eight weeks in cohorts of three patients. A fixed dose of IL-2 was injected three times a week into the same lesion for two weeks, followed by two times a week for six weeks.
conclusionsIntratumoral injection with the combination of ipilimumab/IL-2 is well tolerated and generates responses in both injected and non-injected lesions in the majority of patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.